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This report analyzes the technical and economic feasibility of Estonia reaching climate neutrality (net-zero greenhouse gas emissions) by 2050. It identifies a suite of measures across energy, transport, industry, agriculture, and land use (LULUCF) to move from the current -80% reduction target to -100%. The analysis concludes that this goal is technically possible and potentially profitable in the long term, though it requires a significant acceleration of investments in energy efficiency and renewable energy.

The Allianz Climate and Energy Monitor 2017 ranks G20 member states on their attractiveness for low-carbon electricity infrastructure investments and assesses their investment needs to meet Paris Agreement temperature limits. While OECD countries like Germany, the UK, and France remain the most attractive destinations due to stable policy frameworks, emerging markets such as China, India, and South Africa show significant growth in renewable installations but face high investment needs to create climate-resilient power infrastructure.

The Allianz Climate & Energy Monitor Deep Dive analyzes the investment requirements for China, India, and the US to align with Paris Agreement goals, noting that while China and India are rapidly expanding renewables and exiting coal, US federal policy ambition is declining despite strong state-level support.

This executive summary details a study requested by the Government of Nepal to estimate the economic costs of climate change across three key sectors: agriculture, hydroelectricity, and water-induced disasters. The study employs an iterative risk-management approach to assess current adaptation deficits and project future costs through the mid-century and beyond, emphasizing the high degree of uncertainty in climate projections.

This research paper examines the necessity and challenges of integrating climate adaptation into development assistance in Mozambique, noting that while donor awareness and legislation are supportive, institutional capacity remains a significant barrier.

This report analyzes the barriers and opportunities for clean energy investment in South Africa, focusing on the transition from a coal-dependent energy system dominated by the state-owned utility Eskom to a more diversified renewable energy mix. It examines national policies, regulatory frameworks, and the role of provincial and local governments in promoting sustainable energy.

This executive summary from the Climate Bonds Initiative argues that fossil gas can no longer be considered a transition fuel due to methane leakage and the urgent need to halve global carbon emissions by 2030 to limit warming to 1.5°C. It advocates for a rapid leap to renewable energy and low-carbon hydrogen, while warning against incremental strategies like gas blending and the construction of new fossil gas infrastructure.

This report by the CIFAR Alliance Investors Working Group explores how fintech innovations—specifically in data and digital infrastructure, online marketplaces, and insurtech—can scale climate resilience solutions for vulnerable communities in emerging markets. It presents 11 case studies of ventures that address both acute weather-related disasters and chronic long-term climate changes affecting livelihoods.

This industry brief by GreenCape explores investment opportunities for industrial hemp within the textiles value chain in Cape Town and South Africa. It highlights hemp's potential as a sustainable alternative to cotton, the regulatory shifts enabling its commercial cultivation, and the specific strategic advantages of Cape Town as a potential processing hub.

This 2025 Market Intelligence Report by GreenCape analyzes investment opportunities in South Africa's large-scale renewable energy sector, focusing on private off-taker development and local component manufacturing. It details the shift from public procurement to private power purchase agreements (PPAs), the impact of electricity market liberalisation, and the systemic barriers posed by grid capacity constraints and policy uncertainty.

This research paper analyzes the dynamics of South African foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade within Africa from 2006 to 2018. It finds that while South Africa remains a dominant intra-African investor, its relative influence is declining due to increased competition from global actors, particularly China, and other African nations. The paper highlights South Africa's role as a regional distribution hub and suggests policy shifts toward deeper trade liberalization and better public-private collaboration to maintain its economic footprint.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute uses LEAP model scenarios to analyze the decarbonization of China's road transport sector, identifying peaking timelines for emissions and petroleum demand, long-term reduction potentials, and the necessary investment scales to reach carbon neutrality by 2060.

This executive summary analyzes the alignment of China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) investments in energy and transportation between 2014 and 2017 with the low-carbon goals of participating countries' Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It finds that despite high-level green objectives, the majority of investments remained tied to fossil fuels and traditional infrastructure, while suggesting that targeting special funds toward climate finance could significantly catalyze low-carbon development.

This report by the World Resources Institute reviews loans provided by Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) to developing countries for electricity policy between 2006 and 2008. It evaluates how these investments align with a framework for sustainable, low-carbon energy development, focusing on policy, regulation, and institutional capacity.