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This WRI fact sheet argues that EPA regulations of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under the Clean Air Act (CAA) will likely drive energy efficiency investments and improve the competitiveness of U.S. manufacturers rather than harming them. It contends that the costs of environmental compliance are relatively low compared to other business expenses and that the initial rollout of GHG rules will affect only a small fraction of facilities.

This report analyzes the impact of the 2006–08 global food crisis on Latin America and the subsequent policy responses. It evaluates the effectiveness of short-term 'coping' strategies versus long-term 'curing' strategies, examines the conceptual shift toward 'food sovereignty' and the 'right to food', and discusses the need for balanced agricultural investments and international governance to ensure future food security.

This 2009 case study by the Central Institute for Economic Management (CIEM) and the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the impact of investment incentives on the mining and quarrying industry in Vietnam between 2000 and 2006. The report finds that while tax incentives are highly valued by foreign invested enterprises (FIEs), they are not a prerequisite for investment decisions and have failed to drive sustainable development behaviors. FIEs outperformed domestic firms economically but showed passive approaches to social welfare and environmental protection, often doing only the minimum required by law.

This briefing by the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) analyzes China's preferential trade policy for African Least Developed Countries (LDCs). While the policy is designed to align with the export capacities of these nations, the author argues that its economic impact is modest compared to its symbolic and diplomatic value in signaling China's rise as a global power and alternative to Western donors.

This 2008 report by the South African Institute of International Affairs examines the multifaceted relationship between Ghana and the People's Republic of China, focusing on political ties, development assistance, trade, and foreign direct investment. It highlights China's role in addressing Ghana's infrastructure gaps in energy and telecommunications while noting the challenges posed by Chinese cost-competitiveness to local Ghanaian manufacturers.

This research paper examines the industrial participation (IP) mechanisms used to offset the costs of South Africa's Strategic Defence Package (SDP), focusing on the Defence Industrial Participation (DIP) and National Industrial Participation Programme (NIPP).

This executive summary analyzes the rapid adoption of transgenic crops in Argentina during the 1990s, focusing on the exceptional success of glyphosate-tolerant (RR) soybeans compared to Bt corn and cotton. It examines the intersection of macroeconomic reforms, the adoption of no-till farming, and specific institutional factors that drove this transition, while highlighting regulatory gaps and the need for national biotechnological research.

This report analyzes flood risk and the economic impact of meteorological events in Jamaica, highlighting a recurring pattern of damage to public infrastructure and the systemic failure to enforce land-use policies in hazard-prone areas.

This briefing appendix provides a matrix analyzing the potential positive, negative, and indeterminate effects of various climate mitigation policies—including carbon taxes, emission trading schemes, and REDD+—on developing countries across five dimensions: trade, capital flows, aid/development finance, technology, and growth.

This document is a formal statement from Eskom Holdings SOC Limited submitted to the Department of Environmental Affairs on 22 June 2017. It provides comments and recommendations regarding the 'Notice of Intention to Amend the List of Activities which Result in Atmospheric Emission' under the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act (39/2004). Eskom argues that the proposed emission standards lack comprehensive cost-benefit analysis and could lead to severe financial and operational burdens, potentially necessitating significant electricity tariff increases.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) and Amazônia 2030 examines the economic risks posed by the deforestation of the Amazon rainforest, specifically focusing on the disruption of 'flying rivers' (rios voadores). These atmospheric currents transport moisture from the Atlantic Ocean across the continent, regulating rainfall essential for Brazil's energy, agriculture, urban water supply, and logistics. The document argues that protecting the forest is a strategic national imperative to avoid multi-billion real losses across key economic sectors.

This report argues that gender equality is a fundamental prerequisite for achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It examines the historical role of women in UN environmental policies, the economic costs of gender inequality, and the specific benefits of women's leadership in climate action, agriculture, and natural resource management.

This research paper analyzes the impact of US tariffs on Latin American economies and the subsequent indirect risks posed by China's economic response. The authors argue that while direct US tariffs heavily affect Mexico and Central America, the greater risk for South American nations lies in a potential decline in Chinese demand for raw materials resulting from US-China trade tensions.

This report examines the impact of the OECD's Pillar Two global minimum tax proposal on the mining sector, specifically focusing on 'timing differences' between accounting profits and taxable income. It argues that without proper resolution of these differences, resource-rich developing countries could lose significant tax revenue and investment to developed nations where parent companies are headquartered.

This research paper by the International Institute for Sustainable Development examines four proposed regime options for a post-2012 climate change framework and their impact on the "development dividend"—defined by the quality of sustainable development, the quantity of Certified Emission Reductions (CERs), and the regional distribution of investments in developing countries.

This report analyzes the policy responses of Southern African nations to the global food price increases of 2006–2008. It argues that the region exists in a state of permanent food insecurity, making the global crisis a "spike" in a long-term trend rather than an isolated event. The report emphasizes the role of the Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Program (CAADP) as the primary framework for coordinated regional responses, focusing on long-term structural improvements over short-term reactionary measures.

This guide, published by Natural Justice in January 2024, provides information to the public regarding the proposed oil and gas exploration activities by Africa Oil South Africa Corp (AOSAC) and its joint venture partners in Block 3B/4B off the west coast of South Africa. It outlines the exploration process, potential environmental and social impacts, and the procedure for public participation and commenting on the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).

This report details the 'From Waste to Traffic Fuel' (W-Fuel) project, which investigated the sustainable production of biogas and its upgrading to biomethane for use as transport fuel in two Estonian counties: Harju and Lääne-Viru. The study compared the environmental and economic impacts of using biogas for combined heat and power (CHP) versus upgrading it to vehicle fuel, while also proposing waste prevention strategies for biowaste and sludge.

The 2015 update to the Massachusetts Clean Energy and Climate Plan for 2020 (CECP Update) outlines the policies the Baker-Polito Administration will use to meet greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction goals mandated by the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2008 (GWSA). The report concludes that a reduction of at least 25% below 1990 levels is attainable by 2020 through a comprehensive strategy covering building efficiency, transportation, electricity generation, and non-energy emissions.

This report examines the potential impact of the Kyoto Protocol on U.S. agriculture, disputing claims that its implementation would lead to severe economic consequences for American farmers.