Aranceles de EE.UU. Golpean Con Fuerza a América Latina —la Respuesta política de China puede ser aún más importante

The analysis examines how US universal and sectoral tariffs affect Latin American countries, noting that while Mexico and Central American nations face higher effective tariff rates, South American nations are more vulnerable to indirect shocks from China. It highlights that China's ability to implement counter-cyclical fiscal and monetary policies to mitigate US tariff impacts will determine the stability of commodity prices and growth in South America.

• US tariffs impact Latin American countries differently based on effective tariff rates (ETR) rather than announced rates, as exemptions—such as those under the USMCA for Mexico—significantly lower the actual burden.
• Mexico and most Central American countries are the most affected by US tariffs due to a combination of high effective tariff rates (exceeding 10%) and a high percentage of total exports destined for the US.
• Certain South American countries face lower effective US tariffs because their primary exports, such as oil in Guyana and Venezuela or copper in Chile, are exempt.
• South American economies are highly vulnerable to China's economic health because China has become the primary trading partner for most of the subregion, accounting for approximately 28% of South American total exports as of 2024.
• China's capacity to mitigate the impact of US tariffs—which currently result in a world-leading effective tariff rate of 32.2%—is constrained by high public debt (100% of GDP) and a crisis in the real estate market that limits monetary policy flexibility.

APA

Rojas-Suarez, L., & Albe, I. (n.d.). Aranceles de EE.UU. Golpean Con Fuerza a América Latina —la Respuesta política de China puede ser aún más importante. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/es/articles/policy-analysis/us-tariffs-latin-america-china-policy-response

Chicago

Rojas-Suarez, Liliana, and Ignacio Albe. Aranceles de EE.UU. Golpean Con Fuerza a América Latina —la Respuesta política de China puede ser aún más importante. International Institute for Sustainable Development, n.d. https://www.iisd.org/es/articles/policy-analysis/us-tariffs-latin-america-china-policy-response.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Rojas-Suarez |first1=Liliana |last2=Albe |first2=Ignacio |title=Aranceles de EE.UU. Golpean Con Fuerza a América Latina —la Respuesta política de China puede ser aún más importante |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |url=https://www.iisd.org/es/articles/policy-analysis/us-tariffs-latin-america-china-policy-response |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{rojassuarezndaranceles, author = {Rojas-Suarez, Liliana and Albe, Ignacio}, title = {{Aranceles de EE.UU. Golpean Con Fuerza a América Latina —la Respuesta política de China puede ser aún más importante}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, url = {https://www.iisd.org/es/articles/policy-analysis/us-tariffs-latin-america-china-policy-response}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }