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This fact sheet, published by the Climate Policy Initiative, examines the productivity and profitability of different organizational models for smallholder oil palm farmers in Central Kalimantan. It compares individual partnerships, cooperatives, and company-managed plasma models, concluding that larger, integrated management structures yield higher harvests and profits.

A 1988 policy report by the Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI) calling for the U.S. President and Congress to prioritize energy policy to combat global warming, improve international economic competitiveness, and enhance energy security. The document advocates for a multi-pronged approach centered on energy efficiency, renewable energy, reforestation, and international leadership to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

This fact sheet from the Environmental and Energy Study Institute outlines the economic, environmental, and health benefits of prioritizing energy efficiency in Michigan's energy planning, highlighting potential cost savings and pollution reductions by 2030.

This report by Ember examines how the closure of the Strait of Hormuz exposes the fragility of global fossil fuel dependencies, particularly in Asia, and argues that scaling 'electrotech' (EVs, solar, wind, batteries, and heat pumps) provides a viable path to energy security and economic independence.

The 'Coal Cost Crossover 3.0' fact sheet by Energy Innovation reports that 99% of 210 analyzed U.S. coal plants are more expensive to operate than replacing their capacity with new wind or solar energy. The document highlights how the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) accelerates this transition and estimates that replacing 204 coal plants with local clean energy could generate up to $589 billion in investment for energy communities.

This report by Energy Innovation analyzes the rising costs of coal-fired power generation in the United States between 2021 and 2024, concluding that coal is becoming increasingly uneconomic compared to alternatives like wind, solar, and natural gas.

This report by Energy Innovation argues that the traditional electric utility business model in the United States is facing a 'death spiral' due to technological advances, declining energy demand, and climate regulations. The author proposes a shift toward 'performance-based regulation,' where utilities are rewarded for achieving goals in reliability, affordability, and environmental performance rather than for the volume of electricity sold.

This report by Friends of the Earth International argues that the 'financialization of nature'—the process of assigning prices to ecosystems and atmospheric services—creates new markets that benefit financial actors and corporations while failing to protect the environment and harming local communities.

South Korea aims to expand its renewable energy capacity to 100GW by 2030 to reduce its high economic exposure to fossil fuel price shocks. While the country possesses strong industrial capabilities in solar, batteries, and transformers, it faces significant challenges regarding land availability and grid bottlenecks, particularly in transmitting power from hubs in Honam and Yeongnam to the Seoul area.

This document consists of appendices to a report by GreenCape, detailing stakeholder engagement records, workshop structures and outcomes, and technical data regarding water requirements and economic values in the Berg Water Management Area (WMA) of the Western Cape.

This technical factsheet by GreenCape outlines the use of thermal hydrolysis as a method for the thermal beneficiation of wastewater treatment works (WWTW) sludge in South Africa to improve energy efficiency and reduce waste disposal costs.

This fact sheet by the Institute for Economic Justice examines the challenges and progress of phasing out fossil fuels within G20 nations. It highlights the economic and social dependencies that hinder the transition, the failure of G20 countries to meet subsidy reduction promises, and the specific goals of South Africa's 2025 G20 presidency to champion a people-centered, just energy transition.

This briefing discusses the intersection of circular economy solutions and international trade policy as a means to achieve decarbonization. It argues that transitioning from primary raw materials to secondary materials, extending product lifespans, and reforming trade barriers are essential for meeting net-zero goals, as the extraction and processing of material resources account for half of global greenhouse gas emissions.

This fact sheet outlines the economic and environmental benefits of Green Public Procurement (GPP) based on the IISD GPP model, highlighting that GPP can offset its own costs through energy, health, and environmental savings.

This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines why the costs of carbon capture and storage (CCS) remain high, particularly within Canada's oil and gas sector. It argues that high design complexity and the need for customization prevent the cost reductions seen in renewable energy technologies, making CCS an inefficient use of public funds for oil and gas, though potentially useful for hard-to-abate industrial sectors like cement.

This 2009 report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the use and impact of investment incentives used by Southeast Asian nations to attract foreign direct investment (FDI). It analyzes how these incentives affect economic growth, government revenue, technology transfer, employment, and the environment, while exploring the dynamics of investment competition within the region and with China.

An infographic from the International Institute for Sustainable Development detailing the economic costs of various types of pollution in Canada, specifically highlighting smog, contaminated sites, and heat waves.

This fact sheet from the International Institute for Sustainable Development outlines the economic, environmental, and operational benefits of eco-certification for fisheries management, highlighting market access, financial returns, and long-term stock stability.

This executive summary describes a study conducted by PT. Q Energy South East Asia and PT. Cakramustika Swadaya for the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) to identify and measure subsidies provided to oil and gas producers in Indonesia's upstream sector. The study aligns with Indonesia's commitment at the September 2009 G-20 summit to rationalize and eliminate inefficient fossil fuel subsidies.

This August 2012 factsheet by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) summarizes research on India's fuel subsidies for high-speed diesel, domestic liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and public distribution system (PDS) kerosene. It details the fiscal burden of these subsidies, the market distortions they create, and provides a roadmap for reform through price deregulation and targeted cash transfers.