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This case study by the International Institute for Sustainable Development examines the potential impact of World Trade Organization (WTO) fisheries subsidy rules on shrimp fisheries in the Eastern Tropical Pacific, focusing on overcapacity, overfishing, and the role of fuel subsidies.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the potential impacts of World Trade Organization (WTO) fisheries subsidy rules, using shrimp fisheries in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) as a case study. It analyzes how subsidies contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, the prevalence of illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, and the varying economic dependence of industrial versus artisanal fleets on public support.

This executive summary from the Stockholm Environment Institute describes the cumulative impact of global and local stressors on marine ecosystems. It highlights that over 40 percent of the marine environment is already affected by combined stressors, such as ocean warming, acidification, and overfishing. The document argues that current management strategies are often too narrow, focusing on single issues rather than the synergistic interactions between stressors, and calls for a cross-scale governance system to increase ecosystem resilience.