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The paper introduces the "data loop" concept for Indonesia, where the private sector provides climate and GHG emissions data to the government, which in turn creates mandatory reporting systems and incentives for voluntary reporting. This mechanism is intended to mirror an "ambition loop," where bold policy and corporate leadership mutually accelerate climate action. The author argues that Indonesia can enhance its climate data and sustainable development planning, such as the Low Carbon Development Indonesia (LCDI) initiative, by developing a participatory and integrated reporting system.

The document assesses the impact of bus aggregators, specifically Shuttl, on urban mobility and emissions in Delhi-NCR, finding that the service reduces CO2 and criteria pollutants without significantly siphoning passengers from public bus services.

The United States experienced its hottest year on record in 2012, amidst a global trend where each of the last five decades has been the warmest on record. The document highlights the increasing frequency and cost of extreme weather, noting that 2011 and 2012 each saw more billion-dollar disasters than any previous year. Specifically, Hurricane Sandy caused nearly $80 billion in losses for New York and New Jersey, amplified by an 8-inch rise in global sea levels over the last century.

The document examines the emergence of green tariffs as a tool for traditional U.S. utilities to compete with third-party renewable energy providers. It argues that utilities can leverage their existing infrastructure and capabilities to offer cost-effective, flexible renewable energy options while avoiding cost shifts to other customers.

The report analyzes dockless bike-sharing in 12 Chinese cities, concluding that these systems serve as effective last-mile mobility solutions that increase public transit connectivity, lower carbon emissions by replacing motorized trips, and improve public health outcomes.

The document examines the consequences of environmental and social risk management in overseas investments through six case studies of multinational companies. It argues that strong risk management benefits companies, while failure leads to financial loss and reputational damage. It provides specific strategic advice for Chinese companies to mitigate these risks by adhering to host country laws, understanding local cultures, engaging stakeholders, and adopting international best practices. Additionally, it offers policy recommendations for the Chinese government, financial institutions, NGOs, and media to improve the oversight and impact of China's outward foreign direct investment.

WRI analysis indicates that Ohio can reduce its CO2 emissions by 27 percent below 2011 levels by 2020 by leveraging existing state policies and infrastructure. Key drivers include the Renewable and Advanced Energy Portfolio Standard (RPS), which could yield a 7 percent reduction, and the Energy Efficiency Resource Standard (EERS), which could provide a 10 percent reduction. Infrastructure opportunities include increasing combined heat and power (CHP) capacity, improving the operating capacity of combined cycle natural gas (NGCC) plants, and enhancing the efficiency of coal-fired power plants.

The paper finds that securing community forest tenure in Brazil and Guatemala is a low-cost, high-benefit investment where economic benefits outweigh the costs, making it a cost-effective measure for climate-change mitigation compared to other options.

The report finds that Australia's current climate policy framework, including the Clean Energy Future package and the Large-Scale Renewable Energy Target, enables the country to meet its international commitment to reduce emissions by 5-25 percent from 2000 levels by 2020. However, it identifies significant risks, including policy uncertainty stemming from political disagreement over the carbon-pricing mechanism and an over-reliance on purchasing international permits rather than achieving domestic reductions.

The study examines the extent to which agrifood policies in Kenya, Uganda, and India incorporate electricity needs for mechanization, water access, and postharvest processing. It argues that integrating electricity infrastructure can increase crop cultivation and income while reducing food loss. To improve policy effectiveness, the paper recommends establishing time-bound mandates, interministerial coordination, financial incentives, and public-private partnerships to align agrifood systems with sustainability and climate resilience goals.

The document argues that carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is a critical option for stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations, though its deployment is hindered by the need for policy incentives, flexible regulatory frameworks, and funding for large-scale demonstration projects to lower costs and resolve technical uncertainties.

The document details the framework for adaptation communications under the Paris Agreement, specifying the types of information Parties may include, such as national priorities, risks, and support needs. It clarifies that while there is no fixed deadline for submission, communications should inform the global stocktake and may be submitted alongside other documents like NDCs or biennial transparency reports. The guide also highlights the role of these communications in the global stocktake's synthesis report and their connection to the Enhanced Transparency Framework.

The document asserts that the U.S. has a critical opportunity to lead international climate policy because the global landscape has shifted since the Kyoto Protocol. It highlights that major developing nations are now implementing their own climate plans and that the Bali Action Plan allows for 'measurable, reportable and verifiable' actions from both developed and developing countries. The author emphasizes the synergy between climate action and economic growth, noting that 'green' stimulus packages can create jobs and reduce energy costs. Finally, it stresses the need for developed nations to provide financial and technological support to developing countries to ensure a successful global agreement.

The document argues that global environmental and economic stability depends on Northern industrialized nations reforming their internal policies. Key recommendations include updating national income accounting to include natural resource losses, reforming agricultural trade policies, discouraging pollution through economic policy, implementing fossil fuel taxes to drive energy efficiency, and providing debt relief and trade support to developing countries.

The document examines various US utility approaches to matching EV loads with renewable energy, noting that time-based charging and financial incentives enhance grid benefits and participation. It highlights the potential for expanding these programs from residential users to corporations and cities, while noting that managed charging for fleets is effective for matching energy availability, whereas network charging faces greater implementation challenges in timing alignment.

The paper identifies five primary categories of challenges—definitions, classifications, financial instruments, sources, and institutional arrangements—that hinder Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam from effectively monitoring climate finance. It argues that improving these capacities requires new institutional arrangements, standardized definitions, and international support from developed countries.

The document proposes a Green Employment Tax Swap (GETS) where a national carbon tax is used to fund payroll tax relief. Specifically, it analyzes a tax of $15 per metric ton of CO2 used to rebate the federal payroll tax on the first $3,660 of earnings per worker, aiming for a reform that is both revenue and distributionally neutral.

The document introduces the Indonesia Energy Policy Simulator (EPS), a System Dynamics computer model developed by a consortium including the World Resources Institute Indonesia and Energy Innovation LLC. The tool is intended to provide quantitative analysis to help Indonesia achieve its 2030 climate targets of reducing emissions by 29 percent unconditionally or up to 41 percent with international assistance, while balancing the needs of a growing population.

The document argues that voluntary corporate climate action is insufficient and that U.S. businesses must transition to active climate policy advocacy to meet 1.5C goals. It details seven specific barriers—ranging from internal organizational silos and short-term financial pressures to external pressures from trade associations and political instability—that hinder Fortune 500 companies from aligning their government affairs agendas with their sustainability goals.

The report examines open governance in climate finance, finding that while transparency has increased due to UNFCCC requirements, significant gaps remain, particularly in private finance and the decision-making processes of bilateral funders. It argues that transparency, participation, and accountability are mutually reinforcing and that current enforcement mechanisms for international public and private finance are insufficient.