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This country report analyzes the potential impacts of border carbon adjustment (BCA) schemes, specifically the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), on Trinidad and Tobago. Based on research by IISD and the University of the West Indies – St. Augustine campus and stakeholder dialogues, the report identifies risks to export competitiveness and economic activity while suggesting that BCAs could incentivize a transition to cleaner energy if supported by international finance and technology transfer.

This report analyzes the potential impacts of border carbon adjustment (BCA) schemes, specifically the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), on Brazil. Based on research and stakeholder dialogues, it identifies challenges regarding export competitiveness, compliance costs, and the need for international collaboration to balance climate goals with economic equity.

The Nature-Based Infrastructure (NBI) Global Resource Centre conducted a cost-benefit analysis of ecosystem-based adaptation in Costa Rica's Reventazón River basin to stabilize hydrology and secure water and energy supplies.

This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines trade frictions arising from national plastic pollution measures implemented by World Trade Organization (WTO) members. It aims to provide recommendations for policy-makers to design regulations that reduce plastic pollution while avoiding trade disputes, particularly as UN member states work toward a legally binding international agreement on the full life cycle of plastics.

This report describes an innovative economic modelling approach developed by a consortium of research institutes to assist the Indonesian government in designing sustainable agrifood system policies to address food insecurity, malnutrition, and deforestation.

This report by the Nature-Based Infrastructure Global Resource Centre provides an integrated cost-benefit analysis of the 'Bring Back Our Trees' reforestation project in Kasese, Uganda, demonstrating the economic and environmental benefits of nature-based infrastructure (NBI) in mitigating climate-related flooding and landslides.

This policy brief outlines the necessity for India to develop a comprehensive copper strategy to support its infrastructure growth and clean energy transition, focusing on supply diversification, trade reforms, and the promotion of a circular economy through scrap recycling.

This report details a series of national dialogues in Brazil regarding Border Carbon Adjustments (BCAs), specifically focusing on the impacts of the European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). While the immediate economic impact of the EU CBAM on Brazil is estimated to be limited, the report highlights significant risks if such mechanisms proliferate to other major trading partners like the United States and Japan. The document synthesizes the concerns of the Brazilian government and industrial sectors, emphasizing the need for standardized emissions reporting, the recognition of non-price-based climate efforts, and the provision of financial support for technological adaptation in developing countries.

This report examines the potential socio-economic and environmental impacts of Border Carbon Adjustments (BCAs), specifically the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), on Trinidad and Tobago. As a hydrocarbon-dependent economy and a major global exporter of ammonia and fertilizers, the country is highly vulnerable to import charges based on carbon emissions. The report analyzes sectoral vulnerabilities, stakeholder responses, and the role of the financial sector in supporting decarbonization, while providing policy recommendations to mitigate economic risks and leverage opportunities for green industrial transformation.

This policy brief examines how the Global Minimum Tax (GMT) and other international tax reforms impact the design and effectiveness of tax incentives within Special Economic Zones (SEZs), particularly in developing countries. It argues that excessive reliance on tax holidays and exemptions is often ineffective for long-term competitiveness and may now lead to revenue loss as the GMT allows other jurisdictions to collect top-up taxes. The document recommends transitioning toward cost-based incentives, improving non-fiscal investment environments, and coordinating national policy to mitigate legal risks associated with investor-state dispute settlements.

This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the impact of the Pillar Two global anti-base erosion (GloBE) rules on Special Economic Zones (SEZs), particularly in developing countries. It argues that the Global Minimum Tax (GMT) reduces the effectiveness of traditional corporate tax incentives, prompting a need for countries to shift toward non-fiscal incentives and sustainable investment models.

This policy brief examines the impact of the Global Anti-Base Erosion (GloBE) rules and the Global Minimum Tax (GMT) on Special Economic Zones (SEZs), particularly in developing countries. It argues that traditional income-based tax incentives used in SEZs are becoming less effective and may lead to revenue loss to other jurisdictions. The document recommends transitioning toward non-fiscal incentives, cost-based incentives, and better coordination between investment and tax authorities to maintain competitiveness while complying with international standards.

This case study examines Tropic Coffee, a Rwandan small and medium enterprise (SME) that processes and exports specialty Arabica green coffee beans. The document assesses the company's alignment with the Committee on World Food Security’s Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems (CFS-RAI) using a dedicated RAI Tool for Agribusiness. While the company demonstrates high compliance in social empowerment and stakeholder relations, it lacks a formal documented strategy for responsible business conduct.

The Responsible Agricultural Investment (RAI) Tool for Agribusiness is a management and reference tool developed by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and Cerise+SPTF. It is designed to help agribusinesses, agricultural value-chain actors, and SMEs assess their compliance with internationally recognised responsible business practices, specifically aligning with the CFS-RAI Principles and IFC Performance Standards.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) analyzes trade frictions arising from national and subnational plastic pollution measures implemented by WTO members. By examining Specific Trade Concerns (STCs) and Trade Policy Review (TPR) questions, the authors identify six primary types of regulatory issues—timing, transparency, stakeholder engagement, proportionality, justification, and discrimination—and provide recommendations to help policy-makers design measures that minimize trade disruptions.

The Indonesia Cooking Diaries Study evaluates the feasibility of transitioning urban Indonesian households from liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stoves to induction stoves, focusing on energy demand, cost, and user behavior in South Jakarta.

The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) statement celebrates the passage of the Canadian Sustainable Jobs Act (Bill C-50), which establishes a framework to support workers, Indigenous Peoples, and communities during Canada's transition to a low-carbon economy.

This report analyzes the inclusion of fossil fuel production in the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) of the world's top 20 producing countries and provides a framework for incorporating the COP 28 agreement to transition away from fossil fuels into third-generation NDCs and long-term low-emissions development strategies (LT-LEDS).

This analysis by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) estimates public grant funding for natural infrastructure in Canada and the Prairie provinces for 2022, highlighting a reliance on a small number of large funds and a predominance of funding for ecosystem restoration.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the risks associated with Nigeria's strategic focus on expanding liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports, specifically the potential for stranded assets and the hindrance of economic diversification.