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This research paper examines how the scale of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon shifted from large to small patches between 2002 and 2012. The authors find that the DETER monitoring system, which cannot detect clearings under 25 hectares, led to different behavioral adaptations in Mato Grosso and Pará. In Mato Grosso, large landowners shifted to smaller clearings to avoid detection. In Pará, smallholders remained less visible to law enforcement, leading to a relative increase in the share of deforestation attributable to small properties. The paper concludes that conservation policies must be tailored to regional heterogeneities to be effective.

This research paper analyzes the relationship between agricultural land use and deforestation in the Tapajós basin of the Brazilian Amazon from 2002 to 2012. The author finds that an increase in the relative price of crops (specifically soy) compared to beef encourages the conversion of pasture to cropland, which in turn reduces local deforestation rates.

This research paper provides a conceptual framework for UNFCCC Parties to define and measure progress toward the $100 billion climate finance commitment. It identifies five key variables—motivation, concessionality/source, causality, geographic origin, and recipient—and uses "onion diagrams" to map the level of political consensus for different types of financial flows. The paper also highlights critical accounting issues (such as committed vs. disbursed funds and nominal vs. subsidy costs) and the lack of a unified definition for "new and additional" finance, arguing that stakeholders should agree on principles before focusing on quantitative totals.

This case study examines the financial structure of the 250MW Bujagali Hydropower Project in Uganda to analyze how risk mitigation instruments from public financial institutions, specifically the World Bank Group, can mobilize private capital for low-carbon infrastructure in high-risk environments.

This research paper by the Climate Policy Initiative describes three analytical tools designed to help low and middle-income countries and their partners redirect land-use finance toward climate mitigation and adaptation. The tools aim to address the gap between the hundreds of billions spent on business-as-usual land use and the relatively small amount of finance currently dedicated to green activities.

This executive summary describes three tools developed by Climate Focus and Climate Policy Initiative to help low and middle-income governments and their partners redirect land-use finance toward green mitigation and adaptation activities. The tools aim to address the lack of data on financial flows and the prevalence of business-as-usual investments in agriculture and forestry.

This executive summary describes three analytical tools developed by Climate Focus and the Climate Policy Initiative to help low- and middle-income countries and their partners identify and redirect public and private financing toward green land-use practices for climate mitigation and adaptation.

This executive summary describes three tools developed by Climate Focus and the Climate Policy Initiative to help low- and middle-income governments and their partners redirect funding toward green land-use activities for climate mitigation and adaptation.

This executive summary presents three tools—Land Use Finance Mapping, Financial Viability Gap Analysis, and Public Incentive Mapping—designed to help low- and middle-income countries redirect public and private financing from 'business-as-usual' land use activities toward sustainable, low-emission alternatives.

This executive summary, published by the Climate Policy Initiative in July 2015, proposes three analytical tools to help governments in low- and middle-income countries and their partners redirect financial flows toward sustainable land use. The document argues that while land use sectors generate approximately one-quarter of global greenhouse gas emissions, the vast majority of current investments support 'business-as-usual' (BAU) practices rather than 'green' activities that mitigate climate change or support adaptation.

This case study examines the Sarulla Geothermal Power Plant (GPP) in Indonesia, highlighting how public risk mitigation tools, including guarantees and feed-in tariffs, enabled significant private sector investment in a project designed to be the world's largest single contract geothermal plant with a 330MW capacity by 2018.

This working paper analyzes the experiences of seven Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) between 2011 and 2014 to identify strategies for driving private sector investment in climate resilience, specifically within agriculture, water-intensive industries, and infrastructure.

This case study examines the Olkaria III geothermal power plant in Kenya, the first privately funded and developed geothermal project in Africa. It analyzes how a combination of public sector risk mitigation, phased development, and international development finance enabled a private developer, Ormat Technologies, to successfully deploy a 110 MW binary plant. The document highlights the role of the Kenyan government in reducing exploration and credit risks to attract private capital and provides lessons for scaling geothermal energy in East Africa.

This research paper by the Climate Policy Initiative describes a landscape management approach designed to transform Indonesia's oil palm sector into a high-productivity, sustainable industry. The approach, supported by Unilever and IDH, moves beyond simple supply chain traceability to manage agricultural production and ecosystem protection across connected areas of land at scale. The document details a five-step implementation process and highlights a pilot project in Sei Mangkei, North Sumatra, aimed at improving land-use planning, increasing smallholder productivity, and protecting peat and forest ecosystems.

This executive summary analyzes the use of private financing to accelerate geothermal energy deployment in Indonesia, focusing on the Sarulla Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP Sarulla) as a case study. It highlights the role of public support in mitigating exploration risks and providing financial guarantees to attract private investment to meet national capacity targets.

This executive summary explores the potential for a government-sponsored foreign exchange (FX) hedging facility to reduce the cost of renewable energy in India. It argues that high market-based currency hedging costs currently make foreign debt nearly as expensive as domestic debt, hindering the achievement of 2022 renewable energy targets. The document analyzes a proposed facility that would cover debt payments for USD loans, estimating its expected cost and the potential reductions in government support and energy costs.

This guide by the Climate Policy Initiative outlines an eight-step methodology for countries, cities, and organizations to map climate finance flows. The process is designed to establish investment baselines, reveal interactions between public and private finance, and identify opportunities to redirect funding toward low-carbon and climate-resilient activities.

This executive summary examines the effectiveness of auctions versus feed-in tariffs as project allocation mechanisms for achieving India's 2022 renewable energy targets, concluding that while auctions are generally cost-effective, they have not yet resulted in adequate deployment.

This report analyzes Energy Savings Insurance (ESI), a financial instrument developed by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and BASE to mitigate the risk of underperformance in energy efficiency projects for small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) in developing countries.

This executive summary by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the costs associated with India's goals to install 60 GW of wind and 100 GW of solar power capacity by 2022. It compares the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of these renewables against imported coal, evaluates the cost of current support mechanisms like accelerated depreciation, and proposes alternative financing models to reduce government expenditure.