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This report examines the challenges and opportunities for mobilizing green finance in India while managing climate-related financial risks. It highlights a conflict where current risk perceptions and conservative regulatory frameworks (like Basel III) hinder the flow of capital to green projects. The authors propose a comprehensive strategy involving carbon pricing, green sovereign bonds, a nationalized green bank, and updated regulatory prescriptions for risk weights and credit ratings to align financial stability with India's 2070 carbon neutrality goal.

This policy brief examines the use of end-user subsidies to bridge the affordability gap for electricity access, specifically focusing on solar home systems (SHSs) in high-impact countries. It analyzes methodologies for calculating affordability gaps, outlines key design attributes for subsidy programs, and evaluates case studies from Ghana, Uganda, and Togo to identify factors contributing to program success or failure.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative outlines the climate finance landscape in Kenya, identifying a significant funding gap and a disproportionate flow of resources toward mitigation rather than adaptation. It proposes three innovative financial blueprints—the African Conservancies Fund, the Chyulu Hills Payment for Ecosystem Services, and the Green Village Savings and Loans Association—designed to mobilize private capital for underfunded adaptation sectors.

This statement highlights the critical role of tropical forests, particularly the Amazon, in maintaining rainfall across Brazil. It warns that continuing historical deforestation trends will lead to severe droughts and unsustainable economic costs for the country, urging the application of existing tools and scientific lessons over the next decade.

The Climate Policy Initiative warns that Brazil faces a potential cessation of official deforestation data for the Cerrado biome starting in April 2022 due to a lack of guaranteed funding for the National Institute for Space Research (INPE).

This document is a legal bibliography listing the federal and state laws, decrees, and regulations consulted for a 2022 report on the implementation of the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and the Environmental Regularization Program (PRA) across various Brazilian states.

The Climate Insurance Linked Resilient Infrastructure Financing (CILRIF) is a financial innovation designed to provide municipalities with long-term climate insurance and capital for resilient infrastructure. By linking insurance premiums to the implementation of adaptation measures, CILRIF incentivizes cities to invest in resiliency to reduce their long-term insurance costs and overall financing expenses.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) and WWF-Brasil analyzes the impact of Decree No. 9,760/2019, which introduced a mandatory environmental conciliation stage in the administrative process for environmental infractions in the Amazon. The study finds that this new system has led to a severe paralysis of punitive actions, with 98% of relevant infraction notices stalled by May 2021 due to Ibama's inability to conduct the required hearings. The report also highlights a broader trend of weakening environmental control since 2015 and significant transparency gaps in Ibama's open data portal.

This briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes the legislative report by Senator Carlos Fávaro regarding Bill (PL) no 510/2021 and Bill (PL) no 2633/2020, which propose changes to land regularization laws. The authors argue that the Senator's report favors medium and large land occupants while failing to improve conditions for small farmers, potentially incentivizing illegal deforestation and land grabbing.

This research paper analyzes the role of the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) in financing agricultural investments in Brazil. It finds that BNDES credit has grown significantly since 1995, primarily supporting crop activities (especially soy) and the acquisition of tractors and harvesting equipment. The credit is heavily concentrated in the Midwestern region and is predominantly operated by private financial agents, such as banks owned by machine manufacturers, which contrasts with the broader Brazilian rural credit market dominated by public banks.

This research paper by the Climate Policy Initiative and PUC-Rio analyzes the relationship between forest fires and subsequent deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon from 2013 to 2020. The study finds that while forest fires are not systematically used as a direct first step to clear vegetation in the same location, they serve as a strong leading indicator of imminent deforestation in the surrounding vicinity, particularly in rural settlements and occupied public lands.

This research paper by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the relationship between forest degradation and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon from 2017 to 2020 using data from the DETER and PRODES monitoring systems. The study finds that while direct local conversion from degradation to deforestation is low, there is a strong spatial association, with a significant portion of deforestation occurring in the immediate vicinity of previously degraded areas, particularly in medium or large private properties, rural settlements, and undesignated areas.

This report analyzes the role of the Brazilian National Development Economic and Social Bank (BNDES) in providing investment credit for the Brazilian agricultural sector, focusing on the financing of machinery and equipment.

This report analyzes the link between forest fires and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon (2013-2020). It finds that while only 11% of fire-affected forest is directly converted to clear-cut deforestation within three years, fire is a strong indicator of regional risk, with high rates of nearby deforestation. This association is particularly strong in rural settlements and public land holdings, suggesting fire's role in land grabbing. Regional disparities exist, with significant intensification of this pattern in states like Acre and Pará.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes the relationship between forest degradation and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon from 2017 to 2020 using data from INPE's DETER and PRODES systems. It finds that while direct local conversion from degradation to deforestation is low, a significant portion of deforestation occurs in the vicinity of previously degraded areas, suggesting that degradation can serve as a regional risk indicator for future forest loss.

This briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) proposes a methodology to track incremental energy efficiency investments in certified green buildings. Using a global database of over 16,000 certifications from 2019-2020, the report argues that current green certifications are often inconsistent indicators of actual energy performance and that energy efficiency investments represent only a small fraction of total building construction costs.

This technical note by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes a legislative report by Senator Carlos Fávaro regarding Bill (PL) nº 510/2021, which proposes changes to the legal framework for land regularization in Brazil. The authors argue that the report favors medium and large land occupants while offering no benefits to small farmers, potentially incentivizing illegal deforestation and land grabbing (grilagem).

This report analyzes the role of Brazil's Federal Court of Accounts (TCU) in the prior oversight of federal railway and highway concessions under the Investment Partnership Program (PPI). It examines how the TCU manages socio-environmental risks and the impact of its timing in the project life cycle, specifically regarding the approval of Technical, Economical and Environmental Feasibility Studies (EVTEA).

This case study by the Climate Policy Initiative tracks public and private urban climate investment flows in Jakarta between 2015 and 2019, identifying a heavy reliance on public funding and a significant underutilization of private finance.

This report examines the landscape of urban green finance in Hyderabad and Kolkata, India, mapping the flow of public and private funds toward climate change mitigation and adaptation across six key sectors, including clean energy, sustainable transportation, and waste and water management.