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The 'Landscape of Climate Finance in Africa' report by the Climate Policy Initiative provides a baseline assessment of climate finance flows into and within African countries for 2019 and 2020. It highlights a massive gap between the annual USD 277 billion required to implement Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and the actual annual flows of USD 29.5 billion. The report analyzes the sources, instruments, and sectoral allocations of this finance, noting a heavy reliance on international public funding and a significant under-investment in adaptation and the agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU) sectors compared to their needs.

BNDES financing in the Legal Amazon from 2009 to 2019 was heavily concentrated in large-scale hydroelectric infrastructure that serves the wider Brazilian grid, despite the region's own significant energy poverty and lack of basic services. While the North Region receives the lowest total share of BNDES disbursements, these funds are highly significant relative to its regional GDP. Recent BNDES initiatives are shifting toward the energy transition, including agreements to replace diesel generation with renewables and a pilot project for solar microgeneration. The report emphasizes that future investments should prioritize reducing regional inequalities in energy, internet access, and basic sanitation.

This report argues that Brazilian public policy focuses excessively on clear-cut deforestation while overlooking forest degradation in the Amazon. The author contends that degradation—defined as the partial loss of vegetation—is a distinct phenomenon with its own drivers that contributes significantly more to greenhouse gas emissions and biomass loss than deforestation does, necessitating a shift in how Brazil monitors and reports environmental performance.

The report 'Landscape of Green Finance in India' by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes green finance flows in India for FY 2019-20, focusing on climate mitigation and adaptation. It finds that while green finance flows increased by 150% between FY 2017/18 and FY 2019/20, the total of INR 309 thousand crores per annum remains significantly below the estimated INR 11 lakh crores per year required to meet India's Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative argues that forest degradation in the Amazon is a critical but overlooked threat to climate goals. It highlights that degradation often causes more biomass loss and carbon emissions than clear-cutting deforestation, yet it remains largely absent from Brazil's official environmental metrics and greenhouse gas inventories.

This research paper by the Climate Policy Initiative serves as a foundational guide for the Cities Climate Finance Leadership Alliance to analyze challenges and priorities for decarbonizing the buildings sector. It outlines the global investment needs, the role of different financial instruments, and the specific regulatory and environmental contexts of Nigeria and Indonesia.

The Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) report outlines a roadmap to make land transportation infrastructure in the Brazilian Amazon more sustainable. It identifies a strong link between road development and deforestation, noting that 95% of deforestation occurred within 5.5 km of roads until 2006. The report criticizes the current decision-making process for its lack of linearity and transparency, noting that 57% of primary documents for ten analyzed federal concessions were unavailable. Key recommendations include introducing a pre-feasibility phase, adopting a 'market access' approach to define indirect areas of influence, and establishing a single, georeferenced public database for infrastructure projects to better protect indigenous lands and conservation units.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) proposes a 12-point action plan to decouple terrestrial infrastructure development from deforestation in the Amazon. The agenda focuses on three pillars: improving the public administration's decision-making process to anticipate socio-environmental analysis, enhancing the quality of socio-environmental studies, and increasing transparency in federal concessions.

This scoping paper by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the challenges and priorities for cities in decarbonizing the buildings sector to reach net zero carbon. It examines the drivers of building stock growth, technical mitigation solutions, and the financial instruments and policies required to scale these solutions, with specific deep dives into Nigeria and Indonesia.

This research paper describes the methodology and results of a study analyzing the correlation between mining royalties (CFEM) and socioeconomic development in the state of Pará, Brazil. Using a Fixed Effect design, the study examines outcomes in health, education, employment, income, and violence, as well as municipal fiscal expenditures and revenues.

This research paper describes the methodology used to analyze the correlation between mining royalties (CFEM) and socioeconomic development in the state of Pará, Brazil. Using a fixed-effects model, the study examines how these royalties impact health, education, employment, income, violence, and municipal fiscal spending.

This policy brief analyzes two public rural insurance programs in Brazil: the Agricultural Activity Guarantee Program (PROAGRO) and the Rural Insurance Premium Subsidy Program (PSR). The authors find that PROAGRO's design, where the government bears the risk while financial institutions operate the program, creates severe information asymmetries and moral hazard, leading to higher claim rates and increasing costs for the National Treasury. In contrast, the PSR, where private insurers bear the risk, shows greater efficiency and growth, though it struggles to reach small producers. The report recommends migrating resources from PROAGRO to the PSR, improving the training of claims adjusters, and adopting parametric insurance to reduce fraud and monitoring costs.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes two Brazilian rural insurance programs: the Programa de Garantia da Atividade Agropecuária (Proagro) and the Programa de Subvenção ao Prêmio do Seguro Rural (PSR). It examines how the design of these policies creates different incentives for producers, experts, and financial agents, arguing that Proagro's structure leads to higher information asymmetry and lower public spending efficiency compared to the PSR.

The 'Roadmap for Sustainable Infrastructure in the Amazon' report by Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) proposes a framework to decouple land transport infrastructure from deforestation in the Amazon. The report identifies systemic failures in the decision-making process, the quality of socio-environmental studies, and transparency, offering twelve specific recommendations to improve project viability and reduce environmental risks.

This executive summary by the Climate Policy Initiative assesses global primary investment in methane abatement for 2019/2020. It finds that methane abatement is severely underfunded, receiving less than 2% of total climate finance, despite its high potential for rapid global warming reduction. The report highlights significant funding gaps in the fossil fuel and agriculture sectors and identifies barriers such as measurement uncertainties and a lack of standardized reporting.

This policy brief discusses the barriers cities face in accessing climate finance and proposes financial aggregation as a strategy to scale up investment for urban climate mitigation and adaptation.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the activities of the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) in the Legal Amazon from 2009 to 2019. It highlights a concentration of funding in large-scale hydroelectric infrastructure that serves the rest of Brazil, while a significant portion of the local population remains without reliable electricity or basic sanitation. The document suggests that BNDES has an opportunity to pivot toward the energy transition and regional development by investing in renewable energy and digital connectivity.

This report update by the Climate Policy Initiative tracks the growth and evolution of climate commitments by private financial institutions to align with the Paris Agreement and achieve net zero emissions by 2050, specifically analyzing trends following COP26.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative examines the paradox of the Legal Amazon, a region that generates over 25% of Brazil's electricity via large hydroelectric plants but where millions of residents remain disconnected from the National Interconnected System (SIN). These populations rely on expensive, polluting diesel-powered isolated systems or lack reliable electricity entirely, a situation linked to poor socioeconomic indicators and inefficient auction models for energy supply.

This report analyzes the socio-environmental impacts of logistics infrastructure in the Legal Amazon, Brazil, noting that such projects often drive deforestation and carbon emissions while providing limited local benefit. It proposes replacing inconsistent geographic-based 'area of influence' delimitations with a 'market access approach' based on transportation costs and market size. Using the BR-319 highway as a case study, the report demonstrates how this approach identifies a much larger area of risk, including numerous indigenous territories and conservation units, and recommends that the Ministry of Infrastructure integrate these assessments into the earliest stages of project planning.