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This research paper, written by Commander Seth Appiah-Mensah, evaluates the African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS) in Darfur as of March 2006. It analyzes the mission's achievements in humanitarian stability and political mediation against significant challenges, including a restrictive mandate, chronic funding shortages, and a volatile security environment exacerbated by cross-border tensions with Chad. The author argues for a transition to a United Nations mission to ensure sustainable funding and a more robust mandate for the protection of civilians.

This report by the Institute for Security Studies analyzes the precarious security situation in southern Sudan following the May 2004 IGAD framework agreement. It argues that widespread breaches of existing security agreements, a profound lack of trust between the Government of Sudan (GoS) and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A), and the failure of monitoring mechanisms threaten the long-term viability of the peace process.

This briefing reports on an interview conducted on May 1, 2003, with Al-Sadig al-Mahdi, leader of the opposition Umma Party in Sudan. Al-Mahdi discusses the limitations of the IGAD-facilitated peace talks between the Sudanese government and the SPLM/A, arguing that a sustainable peace requires a more inclusive process involving 'new forces' and a transition to democratic elections.

Peace and Security Council Report No 34 provides analysis on three distinct security crises: the political and military instability in Mali, the escalating border and oil revenue conflicts between Sudan and South Sudan, and the cross-border threats posed by the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) across Central Africa.

This briefing by the Institute for Security Studies examines the security and stability challenges facing South Sudan following the 2011 referendum for self-determination, highlighting risks from ethnic rivalry, economic dependency on Khartoum, and the need for security sector reform.

This briefing by the Institute for Security Studies examines the challenges surrounding the planned 2020 exit of the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) following the April 2019 military coup in Sudan. The author argues that the current security environment and the lack of a legitimate civilian government make handing over protection responsibilities to the Transitional Military Council untenable.

This briefing by the Institute for Security Studies analyzes the Darfur Peace Agreement (DPA) signed on 5 May 2006. It argues that the conflict in Darfur is not merely a result of tribalism or ecological degradation, but is rooted in the broader struggle for power in Khartoum and a history of national marginalization. The document details the failures of the DPA to achieve broad legitimacy among rebel factions, the challenges facing the African Union Mission (AMIS), and the intricate links between the Darfur crisis and the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) between North and South Sudan.

This briefing by the Institute for Security Studies analyzes the October 2006 Eastern Sudan Peace Agreement (EPA) between the Government of Sudan and the Eastern Front. The author argues that the Sudanese government's strategy of signing separate regional peace agreements—in the south, west, and east—serves to reinforce the primacy of the ruling National Congress Party (NCP) and bypasses the development of accountable national politics. The document details the socio-economic marginalization of the Beja and Rashaida peoples, the strategic importance of Port Sudan, and the specific political and financial terms of the EPA.

This briefing by the Institute for Security Studies analyzes the legal and political implications of the International Criminal Court's (ICC) July 2008 request for an arrest warrant against Sudanese President Omar Hassan Al-Bashir. The author examines the ICC's jurisdiction over Sudan, the validity of charges including genocide, and the tension between the pursuit of international justice and the stability of the peace process in Darfur.

This policy briefing by the South African Institute of International Affairs analyzes the 2011 referendum in Southern Sudan and the mediation efforts led by former South African President Thabo Mbeki. It examines the potential post-referendum scenarios, the internal challenges facing Southern Sudan, and the broader implications for the African Union regarding colonial borders and secession.