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This 2008 research paper examines the concept of "embodied carbon"—the total CO2 emitted during a product's lifecycle from raw material extraction to delivery. It contrasts production-based emissions accounting with consumption-based accounting, noting that developed Annex B countries are typically net importers of embodied carbon. The paper discusses the potential for border carbon adjustments to address competitiveness imbalances but highlights significant legal uncertainties regarding non-discrimination principles in trade law and the technical challenges of data availability in developing nations.

This 2008 policy brief by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the financial requirements and mechanisms for climate change adaptation in developing countries. It highlights a significant funding gap and discusses the tension between 'mainstreaming' adaptation into development assistance and providing 'stand-alone' new and additional funding. The document evaluates existing funds, the role of the private sector, and the necessity of a financial agreement to secure a post-2012 climate framework.

This guide, part of the Foundation Course on Air Quality Management in Asia, provides a comprehensive technical framework for developing emissions inventories and implementing control measures for air pollutants. It details the methodologies for quantifying emissions from stationary, area, and mobile sources, evaluates various international software tools for inventory compilation, and describes the physical and chemical processes used to control particulate and gaseous emissions.

This fact sheet from the Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI) provides a comprehensive overview of employment data and projections across the renewable energy (RE) and energy efficiency (EE) sectors, comparing them with traditional fossil fuel and nuclear energy industries at national, state, and international levels.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) examines the global state of Sustainable Public Procurement (SPP). It analyzes legal frameworks, national and international programs, and the specific challenges faced by emerging and developing economies in integrating environmental, social, and economic criteria into public purchasing.

This document is an opening address delivered by Jakkie Cilliers of the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) on 31 October 2007. The speech outlines the ISS's regional security initiatives across Africa and discusses the challenges of policing, crime statistics, and security preparations for the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa.

This report chapter evaluates the capacity of the South African Police Service (SAPS) and private security providers to manage public order and safety for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. It examines the challenges of high violent crime rates, soccer hooliganism, and the coordination between various law enforcement agencies and the Local Organising Committee (LOC).

This research paper by Amory B. Lovins argues that climate change, oil dependence, and nuclear proliferation can be addressed through profitable, market-driven energy efficiency and decentralized renewable energy. The author contends that saving fuel is cheaper than buying it, and that transitioning away from oil and nuclear power is economically advantageous and enhances global security.

This research paper by Michael Tonry argues that incarceration rates are a matter of political policy rather than a response to crime levels, asserting that sentencing severity does not significantly impact crime trends. Using comparative data from several developed nations, the author contends that mandatory minimum sentences fail to deter crime or ensure consistency, and suggests that South Africa should reduce its imprisonment rates and adopt a structured approach to sentencing.

This document is a 2007 web exchange between Prof. Steve Berry, Peter Bradford, and Amory Lovins regarding the viability and role of nuclear power in mitigating climate change. The participants debate the economic competitiveness of nuclear energy versus energy efficiency and 'micropower' (distributed renewables), the risks of proliferation and waste, and the energy needs of rapidly developing nations like China and India.

This report from the Executive Directorate of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) details activities, institutional agreements, and financial status from May to November 2006, focusing on the implementation of the CRN-II program and regional collaborations.

This 2006 report, prepared for the World Bank, provides a framework for establishing a Circular Economy (CE) indicator system in China. It advocates for the use of Material Flow Analysis (MFA) to monitor resource efficiency and decoupling of economic growth from environmental pressure, drawing on experiences from the European Union, the United States, and Japan.

This 2006 fact sheet from the Environmental and Energy Study Institute provides an overview of wind energy in the United States, covering its capacity, costs, environmental benefits, and the impact of federal tax credits on industry growth.

This document is a participant list for the 13th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties (CoP) and the Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), held on May 23 and 24, 2006, on Isla Margarita, Venezuela.

The minutes of the Twelfth Meeting of the IAI Conference of the Parties (CoP), held in Montreal, Canada, on May 5-6, 2005, detail the administrative, financial, and scientific governance of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research. Key outcomes included the election of Dr. Holm Tiessen as Director, the approval of the 2005-2006 core budget and annual program, and the adoption of new voting rules for the Conference of the Parties.

This research paper, published by the South African Institute of International Affairs in 2006, analyzes South Africa's position as a regional hub and its role in global structural policy. It examines the country's economic integration, socio-economic challenges, environmental policies, and its evolving approach to global governance and trade, specifically focusing on its relations with Germany and other developing nations.

This report by Friends of the Earth International argues that World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations and regional free trade agreements prioritize corporate profit over environmental sustainability and human rights, leading to the loss of livelihoods for millions of small-scale farmers, fishers, and indigenous peoples. The document details how trade liberalization facilitates the privatization of natural resources, undermines food sovereignty, and exacerbates climate change and desertification across various global regions.

This report by the South Asia Watch on Trade, Economics & Environment (SAWTEE) analyzes tariff and non-tariff barriers affecting five select Nepalese agricultural exports: tea, natural honey, floriculture, medicinal plants, and vegetable seeds. It examines market access across 12 international markets, distinguishing between the high tariff barriers found in neighboring South Asian countries and the high incidence of non-tariff measures (NTMs) in developed economies.

The document outlines the Annual Program of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) for the period of July 2005 to June 2006, detailing institutional goals, scientific programs, capacity building, and administrative activities.

The Executive Directorate report of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), covering July 2004 to May 2005, details the transition between Directors Gustavo V. Necco and John W. B. Stewart. The report emphasizes a strategic shift toward increasing regional relevance by bridging the gap between scientific excellence and practical policy application, while outlining administrative updates, the status of research networks (CRN-I and CRN-II), and the execution of capacity-building institutes in Mexico and Costa Rica.