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This briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development examines Environmental Fiscal Reform (EFR) in the Nordic countries, highlighting how the alignment of taxes, subsidies, and spending has decoupled economic growth from greenhouse gas emissions and provided a model for post-pandemic economic recovery.

This executive summary describes the PRINCE project, a three-year research initiative led by Statistics Sweden and commissioned by Naturvårdsverket and the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management. The project developed a hybrid modeling approach combining Swedish environmental-economic data with the EXIOBASE multiregional input-output (MRIO) model to estimate the environmental pressures associated with Swedish consumption both domestically and abroad. This framework was specifically designed to monitor Sweden's 'Generational Goal,' which aims to solve domestic environmental problems without increasing impacts outside Sweden's borders.

This 2006 report, prepared for the World Bank, provides a framework for establishing a Circular Economy (CE) indicator system in China. It advocates for the use of Material Flow Analysis (MFA) to monitor resource efficiency and decoupling of economic growth from environmental pressure, drawing on experiences from the European Union, the United States, and Japan.

This 1998 report by the Stockholm Environment Institute presents two contrasting future scenarios for the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) up to the year 2030: a Conventional Development Scenario (CDS) and a Sustainability Vision. The report argues that a 'business-as-usual' approach will lead to increased environmental pressure and persistent socio-economic disparities, whereas a transition to sustainability requires proactive policy interventions, technological decoupling of growth from resource use, and a shift in human values.