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This research paper by Ieva Baršauskaitė and Antoine Bonnet analyzes the transition of trade-related climate measures from abstract policy debates to practical implementation between 2025 and early 2026. It examines the evolving roles of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in managing issues of transparency, interoperability, and development equity, positioning the 14th Ministerial Conference (MC14) as a critical juncture for consolidating these international efforts.

This briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) details discussions held in Brasília and at COP30 in Belém regarding the scaling of productive restoration of degraded pastures in Brazil. It examines the role of blended finance, specific financial instruments designed to mitigate risk and support regenerative agriculture, and the necessity of integrating technical assistance with financial products to ensure environmental and economic viability.

This briefing describes the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA), an international framework established under the 2015 Paris Agreement to monitor and evaluate progress on climate adaptation. It details the development of approximately 100 draft indicators to be agreed upon at COP30 in Belém, which aim to move adaptation targets from broad pledges to quantifiable metrics. The document highlights the critical underfinancing of adaptation compared to mitigation and the potential for high returns on investment in resilience measures.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics explains the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA), a framework established under the 2015 Paris Agreement to set measurable targets and indicators for climate adaptation. It details the role of the GGA in monitoring progress, the proposed indicators to be discussed at COP30 in Belém, the current state of National Adaptation Plans, and the significant financing gap for adaptation in developing countries.

The 'Governments 2025' briefing outlines eight priority actions for governments to implement by COP30 in Belém to align climate, trade, and land-use policies with global forest protection goals.

An opinion piece by Pablo Fajardo of the Union of Affected People by Texaco (now Chevron) and Friends of the Earth Ecuador, arguing that climate justice is impossible without ending corporate impunity, specifically citing Chevron's environmental devastation in the Ecuadorian Amazon.

This briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development provides policy recommendations for negotiators at SB 62 and COP 30 to operationalize the commitment to transition away from fossil fuels, focusing on differentiated phase-out timelines, the cessation of public financing for fossil fuels, and the establishment of a just transition finance mechanism.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute outlines four critical priorities for the third UN Ocean Conference (UNOC) taking place in Nice, France, from June 9th-13th, 2025. The document emphasizes the need to scale up funding for Sustainable Development Goal 14, integrate ocean-based solutions into national climate strategies ahead of COP30, accelerate the ratification of the High Seas Treaty, and promote 100% sustainable ocean management through Sustainable Ocean Plans.

This fact sheet from the World Resources Institute explains the definition, scale, and challenges of adaptation finance, which funds projects to build resilience against climate change impacts. It highlights a significant funding gap in developing countries and the difficulties in tracking these investments compared to climate mitigation.

This joint report from the Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) and the Science-Policy Advisory Committee (SPAC) of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) details the committees' activities, membership updates, and recommendations ahead of the 33rd Conference of the Parties (CoP-33) in Asunción, Paraguay.

The Center for International Environmental Law reports that COP29 failed to deliver on climate ambition, human rights, and finance. Key failures include an insufficient New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) of 300 billion USD, the operationalization of carbon markets without strong human rights safeguards, and a lack of agreement on the Just Transition Work Programme. The report also highlights the restrictive civic space in Azerbaijan and the continued underfunding of the Fund for responding to Loss and Damage.

A statement from World Resources Institute President and CEO Ani Dasgupta regarding the COP29 climate finance agreement, which establishes a new goal of $300 billion per year by 2035 and a broader target of $1.3 trillion from all sources.

A statement by several organizations urging the G-20, under Brazil's presidency, to operationalize a bioeconomy through high-level principles and increased financing to promote climate and nature-positive economic models.

This briefing provides recommendations to enhance synergies between climate and biodiversity international agendas, specifically targeting the 16th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP16) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), UNFCCC COP29, and COP30. It identifies five key opportunities: improving monitoring indicators for the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), aligning national biodiversity and climate plans, increasing collaboration between scientific bodies (IPBES and IPCC), establishing a joint work program among the Rio Conventions, and formalizing the role of CBD Action Agenda High-Level Champions.

This policy brief, produced by Transforma and WWF, advocates for increased policy coherence and synergies between the three Rio Conventions (Climate Change, Biodiversity, and Desertification) ahead of COP30 in Belém do Pará, Brazil. It emphasizes that integrating national plans for climate mitigation, adaptation, and biodiversity is essential for efficient resource use and effective environmental governance, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative examines the paradox of the Legal Amazon, a region that generates over 25% of Brazil's electricity via large hydroelectric plants but where millions of residents remain disconnected from the National Interconnected System (SIN). These populations rely on expensive, polluting diesel-powered isolated systems or lack reliable electricity entirely, a situation linked to poor socioeconomic indicators and inefficient auction models for energy supply.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative highlights a critical gap in the Brazilian Amazon, specifically in the state of Pará, where infrastructure planning prioritizes large-scale logistics projects (roads, railroads, ports) over basic local services. Using high-resolution data, the study finds extreme deficiencies in sanitation—with 69% of households disposing of sewage improperly—and significant inequalities in access to health care, education, and 4G connectivity, particularly in rural areas and the surroundings of large projects like BR-230. The authors recommend utilizing compensation payments from large-scale projects to fund essential local infrastructure.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative examines the energy paradox in the Brazilian Legal Amazon, where the region hosts some of the country's largest hydroelectric plants yet millions of residents rely on expensive, polluting diesel-based isolated systems or lack electricity entirely. The document analyzes the socio-economic disparities between connected and isolated municipalities, the financial burden of fuel subsidies, and the barriers to transitioning toward renewable energy sources.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes the disparity between large-scale infrastructure projects and local quality-of-life infrastructure in the state of Pará, Brazil. It argues that the prioritization of logistics for commodity exports has neglected basic services such as sanitation, health, and education, particularly in low-density areas and regions surrounding planned major projects.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the industrial policy of the Zona Franca de Manaus (ZFM), arguing that while it is named a 'free zone,' it functions conceptually as an 'enterprise zone' focused on regional development rather than international trade. The authors suggest that the current incentive structure fails to drive productivity or wage growth and recommend redefining the ZFM's identity to align its fiscal incentives with either international competitiveness or sustainable regional development.