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This briefing paper assesses the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), held from 26 August to 4 September 2002 in Johannesburg. It details the resulting political declarations, implementation plans, and partnership commitments, while analyzing the political tensions between developed and developing nations regarding renewable energy targets, corporate accountability, and the role of the WTO in environmental governance.

This report by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) argues that sustainable development and environmental justice are symbiotically related, asserting that the former cannot be achieved without the latter. The document explores the legal nexus between human rights and the environment, emphasizing the right to a healthy environment, community-based property rights, and procedural rights as essential components for achieving global sustainability and justice.

This briefing by the Institute for Security Studies examines research on the killings of South African Police Service (SAPS) members, analyzing risk profiles, circumstances of death, and perpetrator motives to inform police safety strategies.

This briefing by Friends of the Earth International (FoEI) criticizes Anglo-American Plc for its poor social and environmental record in South Africa, Zambia, and Peru, while highlighting the company's role as a funder of the Johannesburg Earth Summit and its presence in the official UK delegation.

This report by Friends of the Earth International examines the conflict between corporate-led economic models and the conservation of forest biodiversity. Through case studies in Latin America, Africa, and Asia, it argues that neoliberal policies, transnational investments, and flawed international definitions of 'forests' drive deforestation and displace indigenous and local communities, who act as the primary defenders of biodiversity.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies analyses the outcomes of the 2002 summits in Durban, marking the transition from the Organization of African Unity (OAU) to the African Union (AU). It details the establishment of the AU's core governance structures, the protocol for the Peace and Security Council, and various declarations regarding democratic elections and continental development frameworks like NEPAD and CSSDCA.

This briefing by the Institute for Security Studies examines the crisis of prison overcrowding in South Africa, detailing the budgetary strain on the Department of Correctional Services and the implementation of emergency early release measures for unsentenced prisoners to alleviate capacity pressures.

This report by Friends of the Earth International (FOEI) documents 22 campaigns against multinational corporations whose activities cause biodiversity loss and harm local communities. It argues that corporate globalization, driven by industrial agriculture, mining, and logging, prioritizes shareholder profit over ecological stability and human rights. The document calls for binding international laws to hold companies legally and economically accountable for environmental damage and advocates for the recognition of 'ecological debt' owed by Northern industrial nations to the Global South.

This research paper examines the legal and political delays in implementing a 1998 amendment to Section 49 of the Criminal Procedure Act in South Africa, which sought to restrict the use of lethal force during arrests. The author argues that the delay in signing the amendment into law creates uncertainty for the South African Police Service (SAPS) and perpetuates a culture of violence, despite a May 2002 Constitutional Court ruling that struck down parts of the original section to align with the Bill of Rights.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies examines the implementation of the Firearms Control Act of 2000 in South Africa, which replaced the 1969 Arms and Ammunition Act. The document details the high prevalence of firearm-related deaths, public support for stricter gun controls, and the specific regulatory mechanisms introduced by the new Act to curb the proliferation of illegal weapons and manage legal ownership.

This research paper analyzes the systemic failures of the South African criminal justice system, focusing on the police and prosecution services. It argues that while policing and incarceration are resource-intensive, enhancing the capacity of the prosecution service is the most affordable and effective strategic priority to reduce case backlogs, decrease prison overcrowding, and restore public confidence in the rule of law.

A February 2002 statement by the Center for International Environmental Law and other organizations calling on U.S. President George W. Bush to attend the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, South Africa, and to commit to specific environmental actions.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies evaluates a new six-month detached duty system for the South African Police Service (SAPS) Border Police, implemented in July 2000 to address personnel shortages and cross-border crime. The evaluation, based on surveys and field trips to northern KwaZulu-Natal, finds the six-month duration more effective than previous shorter rotations, though it identifies significant gaps in training, equipment, and the integration of detached members with permanent staff.

The New Business Climate is a 2002 guide by the Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) designed to help corporations and institutions reduce carbon emissions while improving business performance. It argues that climate change presents both risks to asset values and opportunities for innovation, advocating for a transition from incremental thinking to radical resource efficiency and the use of emerging carbon markets to manage costs.

This research paper by Wilfred Mhanda examines the diplomatic and political relationship between South Africa and Zimbabwe, specifically critiquing the South African government's support for Robert Mugabe's regime. Mhanda argues that South Africa's 'quiet diplomacy' contradicts its stated foreign policy values of democracy and human rights, suggesting that solidarity between former liberation movements has taken precedence over the actual empowerment of the Zimbabwean people.

This research paper analyzes South Africa's foreign policy toward Zimbabwe from 1994 to 2002, arguing that Zimbabwe has been of marginal interest to Pretoria despite deep historical, economic, and security links. The author identifies three phases of policy: an initial lack of specific policy, a period of brinkmanship and frustration (1994–1999), and a subsequent 'twin-track' approach of constructive engagement and containment starting in 2000. The paper highlights the economic devastation in Zimbabwe following the lapse of a 1964 Customs Agreement and the failure of the two nations to establish a cohesive regional security mechanism within SADC.

This document is the title and front matter for the proceedings of a UNESCO and Institute for Security Studies (ISS) expert meeting titled "Peace, Human Security and Conflict Prevention in Africa," which took place in Pretoria, South Africa, on 23-24 July 2001.

This briefing outlines a 2001 High Court of South Africa judgment regarding the discharge of noxious gases from a tannery and the subsequent failure of government officials to address the pollution.

The Local Government: Municipal Planning and Performance Management Regulations, 2001, issued under the Municipal Systems Act 32 of 2000, establish the mandatory requirements for South African municipalities to develop Integrated Development Plans (IDPs) and implement performance management systems. The regulations detail the necessary components of an IDP, the process for its amendment, the setting and review of key performance indicators (KPIs), and the establishment of performance audit committees and community participation forums.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies examines the role of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) in controlling the northern and eastern borders of South Africa. It details the operational structure of the Regional Joint Task Force: North (RJTFN), the resources available for border patrol, identified illegal crossing points, and trends in firearm seizures and smuggling between August 1999 and October 2000.