choques con empresas gigantes

This report by Friends of the Earth International (FOEI) documents 22 campaigns against multinational corporations whose activities cause biodiversity loss and harm local communities. It argues that corporate globalization, driven by industrial agriculture, mining, and logging, prioritizes shareholder profit over ecological stability and human rights. The document calls for binding international laws to hold companies legally and economically accountable for environmental damage and advocates for the recognition of 'ecological debt' owed by Northern industrial nations to the Global South.

• The report asserts that biodiversity loss is rooted in a macroeconomic model of corporate globalization that promotes large-scale industrial agriculture for export, unsustainable logging, industrial fish farming, and mining.
• Friends of the Earth International is advocating for a binding legal framework to ensure companies are socially controlled and held economically and legally responsible for their impacts, including the right for communities to be consulted and to receive compensation.
• The document defines 'ecological debt' as the accumulated debt of industrialized Northern nations to Third World countries resulting from resource looting, biodiversity loss, environmental damage, and the use of Southern spaces for Northern waste.
• In Peru, the community of Tambogrande rejected a proposed open-pit gold mine by Manhattan Minerals, with a community plebiscite showing 98.65% opposition due to fears of losing agricultural livelihoods and environmental contamination.
• The Penan indigenous people in Sarawak, Malaysia, have suffered from river contamination caused by logging companies, leading to skin diseases and food shortages of staples like sago palms.
• In South Africa, the company Sasol is accused of severe air pollution in Sasolburg and Durban South, including the release of benzene and vinyl chloride, and a 2000 gas leak that hospitalized over 200 people.
• The Ok Tedi mine in Papua New Guinea, operated by BHP Billiton until early 2002, has discharged 80,000 tons of waste daily into the Ok Tedi and Fly rivers for twenty years, destroying tropical forests.
• The Chad-Cameroon pipeline project, involving ExxonMobil, Chevron, and Petronas, is criticized for deforestation and the misappropriation of $4.5 million in World Bank funds by the President of Chad to purchase weapons.
• In Ecuador, the Heavy Crude Pipeline (OCP), involving a consortium including Agip and Repsol-YPF, is planned to cross 11 protected areas and the Yasuni National Park, facing opposition due to lack of environmental impact studies.
• Shell's operations in the Niger Delta have caused thousands of oil spills, including a 1998 pipeline explosion that killed over 400 people and a 2001 spill in Ogdobo that destroyed the drinking water source for 150,000 people.
• In Chile, the Alumysa project, backed by the Canadian company Noranda, proposes an aluminum plant and three hydroelectric dams that would flood 9,600 hectares in the Aysén region of Patagonia.
• The report identifies the distribution of illegal genetically modified organisms (GMOs), such as StarLink corn, in food aid sent by USAID and the World Food Programme to Latin American countries including Bolivia, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua.

APA

Friends of the Earth International (2002). choques con empresas gigantes. https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/clashes_corporate_giantsesp.pdf

Chicago

Friends of the Earth International. choques con empresas gigantes. 2002. https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/clashes_corporate_giantsesp.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Friends of the Earth International |title=choques con empresas gigantes |date=July 2002 |url=https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/clashes_corporate_giantsesp.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{friendsoftheearthinternational2002choques, author = {{Friends of the Earth International}}, title = {{choques con empresas gigantes}}, institution = {Friends of the Earth International}, year = {2002}, month = jul, url = {https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/clashes_corporate_giantsesp.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }