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This introductory report provides an overview of the Republic of Chad, detailing its geography, political history from independence in 1960 to the 2024 presidency of Mahamat Idriss Déby, and its socioeconomic challenges despite possessing gold, uranium, and oil resources.

The Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), established in 1983 and revised in 2019, comprises 11 member states in Central Africa. While its mandate expanded in 1998 to include peace and security alongside economic cooperation, the region continues to face challenges including low regional integration, currency diversity, and significant economic disparities, with member states ranging from low-income to nominally upper-middle-income.

The report 'Pedal to the Metal 2026' by Global Energy Monitor analyzes the global iron and steel industry's struggle to decarbonize, highlighting a 'coal lock-in crisis' where continued investment in blast furnace (BF) capacity and relining of existing assets threaten net-zero targets despite incremental gains in electric arc furnace (EAF) and direct reduced iron (DRI) technologies.

This report by the Institute for Security Studies examines the state and requirements of vocational education in Africa, highlighting a significant mismatch between graduate skills and employer needs, low enrollment in vocational programs in sub-Saharan Africa, and the challenges posed by the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

A statement from a coalition of business, civil society, and research stakeholders urging ministers at the 14th WTO Ministerial Conference (MC14) to place sustainable development at the center of the World Trade Organization's reform agenda.

This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development analyzes the critical state of World Trade Organization (WTO) fisheries subsidies negotiations ahead of the 14th Ministerial Conference (MC14). It highlights the need to move beyond the 2022 Agreement (Fish 1) to establish additional disciplines (Fish 2) targeting overcapacity and overfishing before a sunset clause triggers the termination of the original agreement in September 2029.

This research paper by Rashid S. Kaukab analyzes the ongoing debates within the World Trade Organization (WTO) regarding the governance of electronic commerce ahead of the 14th Ministerial Conference (MC14). It examines the tension between the multilateral Work Programme on Electronic Commerce (WPEC) and the plurilateral Joint Statement Initiative (JSI) on E-Commerce, specifically focusing on the moratorium on customs duties for electronic transmissions and the digital divide affecting developing countries.

This report examines the potential for Direct Air Capture (DAC) and other carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies in Africa, with a particular focus on Kenya and the East African Rift region. It highlights the region's competitive advantages in geothermal energy and basaltic rock formations for permanent carbon storage, while outlining the technological, financial, and regulatory innovations needed to scale these systems.

This research paper examines the implementation, achievements, and challenges of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) free movement protocols. It analyzes the impact of geopolitical fragmentation, security threats, and protectionist policies on regional integration, while discussing the implications of the withdrawal of Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger to form the Alliance of Sahel States (AES).

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative and Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro maps 30 international financial mechanisms designed to support tropical forests. It identifies a significant funding gap, noting that current mechanisms mobilize US$ 25.9 billion, which is far below the US$ 66.8 billion annually required by 2030 to unlock the full potential of tropical forests.

This executive summary by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes 30 international financial mechanisms designed to support tropical forests, focusing on conservation, restoration, and the reduction of deforestation. The report identifies a significant funding gap, noting that while current mechanisms mobilize US$ 25.9 billion, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) estimates a need for US$ 66.8 billion annually until 2030 to realize full forest potential.

The report identifies 30 international financial mechanisms mobilizing US$ 25.9 billion for tropical forests, though this is far below the US$ 66.8 billion annual need estimated by UNEP for 2030. While Brazil and Guyana have high access to these funds, many high-potential countries remain underserved. Financing is dominated by credit, grants, and results-based payments (especially JREDD+), with a strong current focus on conservation over restoration and deforestation reduction.

The report "The Forest-Climate Nexus" by Climate Policy Initiative/PUC-RIO proposes a new financial architecture to transform tropical forests from climate risks into solutions. It analyzes 91 countries, categorizing them by forest cover and deforestation rates, and introduces the Reversing Deforestation Mechanism (RDM) to incentivize large-scale forest restoration through jurisdictional, results-based payments for net carbon removals.

The September 2025 edition of the Carbon Minefields Oil and Gas Exploration Monitor reports on global oil and gas licensing activity, highlighting a trend of continued expansion despite climate targets. The document tracks the awarding of new exploration licences, the associated capital expenditure by major energy companies, and the projected carbon emissions resulting from these activities.

This report examines a toolkit of regulatory and economic policy instruments used to curb deforestation and promote forest restoration in tropical regions. It analyzes the effectiveness of command-and-control measures, financial incentives, and the critical role of land tenure security, while highlighting how political cycles and electoral incentives create risks for long-term conservation success.

A report by Zero Carbon Analytics (ZCA) detailing how deforestation in the Congo Basin disrupts a climate teleconnection that provides critical rainfall to West Africa, specifically threatening the global cocoa supply chain and increasing costs for European importers.

This report by the African Future Policies Hub analyzes whether carbon credits generated under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement should be eligible for deduction from liabilities under the European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). It argues that allowing such credits would mitigate the negative economic impact of the CBAM on African exporters, retain climate finance within African borders, and provide policy flexibility to host governments, while proposing specific design measures to prevent carbon leakage and ensure credit integrity.

This technical guide, produced by the Alliance for Rural Electrification (ARE) with support from ADEME, provides a reference for designing and installing solar photovoltaic (PV) power systems for healthcare facilities in rural sub-Saharan Africa.

This policy brief by the South African Institute of International Affairs examines the role of Locally Led Adaptation (LLA) in Africa, focusing on the food sector. It argues that while African governments have set ambitious adaptation targets, governance barriers, financial constraints, and a lack of meaningful integration of local and Indigenous knowledge hinder effectiveness. The document advocates for decentralised finance, inclusive governance, and robust monitoring systems to ensure climate resilience is sustainable and context-specific.

This report from the Institute for Security Studies evaluates the functionality of the African Union (AU) Peace and Security Council (PSC) subcommittees, examines the transition to constitutional order in Guinea, analyzes the decline of international humanitarian aid to Africa, and proposes strategies for enhancing continental maritime security, specifically through the Combined Maritime Task Force for the Gulf of Guinea.