resistencia fecunda en los bosques comunidades locales en defensa de la biodiversidad forestal

This report by Friends of the Earth International examines the conflict between corporate-led economic models and the conservation of forest biodiversity. Through case studies in Latin America, Africa, and Asia, it argues that neoliberal policies, transnational investments, and flawed international definitions of 'forests' drive deforestation and displace indigenous and local communities, who act as the primary defenders of biodiversity.

• The report asserts that while governments have formally committed to biodiversity conservation via the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), they often actively destroy forests, whereas local communities and Indigenous Peoples—who have no legal signatory power—are the ones actually fulfilling conservation goals.
• The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is criticized for using a definition of 'forest' that includes large-scale exotic tree monocultures (such as eucalyptus), which the report argues masks the loss of natural ecosystems and biodiversity by counting plantations as forest cover.
• In Costa Rica, neoliberal policies and Structural Adjustment Programs led to a shift toward agro-export models, resulting in the deforestation of approximately 30% of the territory between 1950 and 1980 to satisfy the North American demand for cheap red meat.
• In Argentina, the privatization and deregulation of the energy sector facilitated the entry of transnational companies like Repsol, Pan American Energy, and Tractebel, whose oil and gas infrastructure has caused environmental degradation and violated the ancestral land rights of Mapuche, Kolla, and Guaraní communities.
• In the Putumayo region of Colombia, the oil industry and the 'Plan Colombia' have caused severe fragmentation of the Amazonian forest and the displacement of indigenous groups such as the Kofán and Inga, leading to a decline in indigenous population share from 65% in the 1960s to 8.8% by 1997.
• In Indonesia, the expansion of oil palm plantations, specifically by PT Harapan Sawit Lestari (HSL) and its majority shareholder CDC (funded by the UK's DFID), has led to the destruction of traditional agroforestry systems and the violation of land rights for Dayak Jelai and Melayu communities in Manis Mata.
• In Paraguay, the Cordillera de Yvyturusú has faced massive deforestation driven by agro-industrial interests (including companies like Bayer, Monsanto, and Novartis) to expand export-oriented soy crops, threatening the survival of the Mbyá-Guaraní and Ache peoples.
• French forestry companies in Cameroon, such as Rougier (via SFID) and Bolloré (via SIBAF), have been repeatedly convicted by Cameroonian authorities for illegal logging and falsifying CITES documents, while simultaneously receiving subsidies from the French Development Agency for 'sustainable forest management'.
• In South Africa, exotic tree plantations (Acacia, Eucalyptus, and Pine) have become invasive, occupying over 1.5 million hectares of land and causing the disappearance of wetlands and streams, which negatively impacts local biodiversity and livestock.
• In Ecuador, the EUCAPACIFIC project (a consortium including Mitsubishi and Sumitomo) uses the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to plant 10,500 hectares of eucalyptus as 'carbon sinks', which the report claims is a business model to generate profit from carbon credits while displacing local Afro-descendant and peasant communities.

APA

carrere, R., baltodano, J., pedace, R., rodríguez, J. M., chaparro, A. P., sofa, F., castell, F., menne, W., & ramos, I. (2002). resistencia fecunda en los bosques comunidades locales en defensa de la biodiversidad forestal. Friends of the Earth International. https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/forests_esp.pdf

Chicago

carrere, ricardo, javier baltodano, roque pedace, javier marín rodríguez, alejandro pulido chaparro, farah sofa, frédéric castell, wally menne, and ivonne ramos. resistencia fecunda en los bosques comunidades locales en defensa de la biodiversidad forestal. Friends of the Earth International, 2002. https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/forests_esp.pdf.

Wikipedia

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BibTeX

@techreport{carrere2002resistencia, author = {carrere, ricardo and baltodano, javier and pedace, roque and rodríguez, javier marín and chaparro, alejandro pulido and sofa, farah and castell, frédéric and menne, wally and ramos, ivonne}, title = {{resistencia fecunda en los bosques comunidades locales en defensa de la biodiversidad forestal}}, institution = {Friends of the Earth International}, year = {2002}, month = aug, url = {https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/forests_esp.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }