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The document critiques the REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) mechanism, asserting that it prioritizes private finance and corporate interests over indigenous rights and genuine climate mitigation. Through case studies in Indonesia, Mozambique, and Peru, it demonstrates how REDD projects can exacerbate land conflicts, threaten food security, and fail to achieve carbon reduction goals. The report concludes that REDD is a 'false solution' that allows industrial polluters in the Global North to continue emitting via carbon offsets. It proposes an alternative based on community-led forest management, the resolution of land tenure issues, and a systemic reduction in the consumption of resources by rich countries.

Friends of the Earth International (FoEI) critiques the REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) mechanism, claiming it exacerbates land tenure conflicts, threatens food security, and allows industrial polluters in the Global North to avoid domestic emission cuts. Through case studies in Indonesia, Mozambique, and Peru, the report illustrates failures in carbon accounting, financial instability, and the marginalization of Indigenous peoples. FoEI proposes an alternative model of community forest management, citing Bolivia's proposal to the UNFCCC as a viable path toward climate justice and sustainable forest preservation.

Friends of the Earth International (FoEI) contends that REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation) fails to deliver permanent emissions reductions and often harms Indigenous Peoples and local communities. Through case studies in Indonesia, Mozambique, and Peru, the report illustrates how REDD+ can exacerbate land tenure conflicts, threaten food security, and facilitate continued pollution in industrialised countries via carbon offsets. FoEI proposes replacing these market-based mechanisms with community-led forest management based on traditional knowledge and a global reduction in the demand for forest-derived products.

The report analyzes state-state dispute settlement (SSDS) in investment treaties as an alternative or complement to investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS). It details various mechanisms—including ad hoc arbitration, judicial bodies like the ICJ, and quasi-judicial systems like those in ASEAN—and categorizes claims into diplomatic protection, interpretive, and declaratory relief. Through case studies such as Italy v. Cuba and Ecuador v. United States, the document highlights the legal complexities of 'dispute' definitions and the interaction between parallel state-state and investor-state tracks. It concludes by recommending that states explicitly define the relationship between these mechanisms and clarify requirements such as the exhaustion of local remedies to increase predictability.

The guide analyzes state-to-state dispute settlement in investment treaties, detailing judicial, quasi-judicial, and arbitral forms. It explores three types of claims—diplomatic protection, interpretation, and declaratory judgments—using case studies like Italy v. Cuba and Ecuador v. United States. It also discusses the complex relationship between state-to-state and investor-state mechanisms, particularly under the ICSID Convention, and offers best practices for treaty drafting to increase predictability and state control over treaty interpretation.

The New York Declaration on Forests Action Agenda provides a framework for governments, companies, indigenous peoples, and multilateral institutions to combat deforestation. It highlights significant progress, such as Brazil's 71% reduction in deforestation by 2013 and the adoption of zero-deforestation policies by major palm oil traders covering 60% of global trade. The agenda details specific roles for stakeholders, including the implementation of the Warsaw Framework for REDD+ and the commitment of indigenous peoples to protect 400 million hectares of forests. It also notes financial commitments from developed nations like Germany, Norway, and the UK to provide predictable REDD+ financing.

The action list from the 38th Meeting of the IAI Executive Council details administrative decisions, the election of the Bureau, and the establishment of a committee to draft a pronouncement on adaptation for the UNFCCC CoP-20.

The document lists the actions and decisions taken during the 38th Meeting of the Executive Council (EC) of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), held on August 14, 2014, in Mexico City.

This document is a list of participants for the 38th Executive Council Meeting of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research, held on August 14, 2014, in Mexico City, Mexico.

The document is a participant list for the 22nd Conference of the Parties, held in Mexico City on August 13 and 14, 2014. It details the names, affiliations, and contact information of representatives from various countries, including Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Paraguay, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Uruguay, and the USA, as well as observers from organizations such as UNESCO, CEPAL, and the IAI Directorate.

The document proposes "National Financing Pathways" as a framework for developing countries to scale investment for low-emission and climate-resilient development. It emphasizes the need to balance social, economic, and environmental objectives within a "national finance ecosystem" shaped by policy, institutional frameworks, and risk perceptions. The paper draws on discussions with representatives from Chile, Colombia, and Peru to identify issues and tools for developing these pathways.

The document describes a social marketing 'Pride' campaign implemented by Pronatura Veracruz and Rare in the Central Coast of Veracruz, Mexico. The campaign aimed to motivate landowners to join a network of private conservation areas to protect tropical deciduous forest—critical for migratory raptors like the peregrine falcon—against threats from urban development, cattle ranching, and sugar cane production. In the Actopan municipality, where adoption of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) had previously been slow, these methods enabled the protection of over 1,500 hectares of previously unprotected forest.

The 'Pride' campaign, a collaboration between Rare and Cáritas-Peru in the Quanda Watershed, used social marketing to align incentives between upstream farmers and downstream water users. This effort led to the creation of Reciprocal Water Agreements, where downstream users provide in-kind compensation—such as beekeeping equipment or fencing—to upstream farmers who protect riparian forests. The initiative resulted in 25 signed contracts protecting over 360 hectares of forest.

The paper examines the legal obligations of conservation actors regarding the rights of indigenous peoples, tribal peoples, and local communities. It argues that while states are the primary duty-bearers, international organizations, corporations, and NGOs also have responsibilities to respect human rights based on international customary law and 'social licenses'. The text specifically links these obligations to the implementation of Aichi Target 11 for biodiversity.

The report analyzes the mitigation efforts of 14 priority countries and regions, highlighting a wide variation in ambition and activity. While large emitters like India and Indonesia have established legislation and quantitative targets, many other partner countries, particularly in Africa and Small Island Developing States (SIDS), prioritize adaptation due to extreme vulnerability. The analysis identifies key trends, such as the integration of low-emissions paths into economic development strategies and a heavy reliance on donor-funded projects for capacity building and MRV systems.

The document serves as a prevention manual for forest communities, specifically in equatorial regions of Asia, Africa, and the Americas, to avoid signing REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) and similar conservation contracts. It argues that these projects often use deceptive language and long-term commitments (30 to 80 years) to strip communities of their land rights, prohibit traditional agricultural and forestry activities, and transfer biodiversity benefits to private companies. The guide advocates for community-led forest management, the legal recognition of territorial titles, and public policies that support traditional conservation practices instead of market-based carbon offsets.

The document serves as a prevention manual for communities in equatorial forest regions, specifically highlighting how REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) and similar 'pay for conservation' projects can be deceptive. It analyzes contracts from the Peruvian Amazon and Brazil to demonstrate how technical language and long-term commitments (30 to 80 years) can strip indigenous peoples of their land rights, prohibit traditional agricultural practices, and transfer biodiversity benefits to private companies. The guide advocates for community-led forest management, the legal recognition of territorial titles, and public policies that support traditional sustainable practices instead of market-based carbon mechanisms.

The guide warns forest communities against signing REDD and forest conservation contracts, which it argues are often designed to strip local people of their land rights and sovereignty. It highlights how these contracts, often written in technical jargon and spanning 30 to 80 years, impose strict prohibitions on farming and timber use, potentially forcing communities to abandon their territories. The document advocates for community-based forest management and the recognition of traditional land rights as more effective and just alternatives to market-based carbon schemes.

The report examines the high financial risks governments face in investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS), where average claims reach US$492 million. It details the disparity between claimed and awarded amounts, a growing trend toward compound interest, and the significant burden of legal and administrative costs, which often fall disproportionately on respondent states, particularly developing countries.

The document examines the legal obligations of conservation actors under international human rights law, arguing that while States are primary duty-bearers, international organizations, businesses, and NGOs also bear responsibilities to respect human rights based on customary law or social licenses to operate.