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The Clean Air Task Force (CATF) analysis finds that optimistic forecasts of clean hydrogen costs falling below $1/kg are unrealistic because they overemphasize electrolyzer capital cost reductions while ignoring the dominant impact of electricity prices. Electricity costs account for 50%–75% of the total production cost. Even with projected 2030 improvements in PEM electrolyzer efficiency and capital costs, the authors conclude that average production costs will likely remain above $3/kg (Real 2022 USD) due to the lack of realistic access to clean firm electricity below $40/MWh. The paper recommends that policymakers prioritize clean hydrogen for sectors lacking other viable decarbonization alternatives, such as steel manufacturing and chemical refining, and focus on decarbonizing the power grid to enable scale-up.

Since the 2018 45Q reform, 84 carbon management projects have been announced in the U.S., with a significant surge in 2021. The majority of these projects are industrial-sector initiatives utilizing saline storage, though regional infrastructure in the Midwest is enabling ethanol projects. The power sector accounts for 23% of projects, primarily natural gas and coal plants, while only one large-scale Direct Air Capture plant is planned.

The report highlights that tropospheric ozone is a potent greenhouse gas and air pollutant responsible for approximately 0.23°C of present-day warming and nearly 500,000 premature deaths annually. It is not emitted directly but forms from precursors like methane, nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), and carbon monoxide (CO). The document identifies a significant gap in global climate strategies, noting that tropospheric ozone is largely absent from the Paris Agreement and most Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It provides sector-specific policy levers—ranging from methane capture in oil and gas to electric vehicle adoption in transport—and presents case studies from Los Angeles, Mexico City, Beijing, and Europe to demonstrate the effectiveness of targeted pollution control. The report concludes with recommendations for policymakers to adopt multi-pollutant approaches, for scientists to fill knowledge gaps in regional climate effects, and for funders to increase the currently insufficient international development funding for outdoor air pollution.

The report details how phthalates, used as plasticizers in PVC and other products, act as endocrine disruptors linked to reproductive toxicity, cancer, and developmental issues. It argues that ubiquitous exposure through food, water, indoor air, and medical devices infringes upon human rights, particularly for vulnerable groups like children and workers, and highlights the lack of adequate product labeling and legal remedies for victims.

The report details how over 99% of plastics are derived from fossil fuels, specifically through the production of ethylene and propylene. It highlights the geographic concentration of production near fossil fuel sources, such as the US Gulf Coast, and the high degree of vertical integration between major oil and gas companies and plastics producers. The document also analyzes the shift in feedstocks, noting the US preference for natural gas liquids (NGL) and the dominance of naphtha in China, Europe, and Japan, while projecting that oil consumption by the plastics sector could reach 20% of total consumption by 2050.

The report details a global surge in plastics production capacity driven by cheap fossil fuel feedstocks. In the US, shale gas has led to planned investments of $164 billion for 264 new or expanded facilities. China is heavily investing in carbon-intensive coal-to-olefins technology to overcome a lack of natural gas. Meanwhile, the Middle East continues to leverage oil and gas, and Europe is seeing new investments enabled by US liquefied natural gas shipments. The report warns that this capacity expansion could lock in high plastic production for decades, exacerbating environmental pollution and the climate crisis.

Clean Creatives calls on Netflix to implement fossil-free procurement criteria for its agencies and urges Dentsu, which recently secured a $190 million partnership with Netflix, to offramp all fossil fuel clients.

The report 'Toxic Accounts' by Clean Creatives examines how BP, Chevron, ExxonMobil, and Shell shifted their marketing strategies from 2020 to 2024. The analysis finds that these companies moved away from net-zero ambitions and 'greenwashing' toward a strategy of 'fossil fuel dominance,' emphasizing energy security and the indispensability of oil and gas. The document details the use of 'false solutions'—such as carbon capture and storage (CCS), blue/gray hydrogen, and certain biofuels—to justify continued fossil fuel production. It highlights specific campaign evolutions, such as BP's shift from 'greening companies' to 'energy security' and ExxonMobil's 'Breaking Free' anti-EV campaign, arguing that these narratives delay the clean energy transition to prioritize short-term shareholder returns.

The document highlights the environmental and safety risks associated with the global trade of used vehicles, noting that between 2015 and 2018, 14 million light used vehicles were exported, with 80% going to low- and middle-income countries and over half to Africa. It asserts that vehicles with weak import regulations correlate with higher traffic mortality rates and contribute significantly to urban air pollution through PM2.5 and NOx emissions. The text calls for developed nations to stop exporting vehicles that fail environmental and safety inspections and for importing nations to adopt stricter quality standards to facilitate the acquisition of cleaner, safer fleets, including hybrid and electric options.

The document defines climate change as a "threat multiplier" that creates direct risks to critical infrastructure and indirect risks by stressing resources like food, water, and energy. It argues that while climate change is unlikely to be the sole cause of war, it increases the likelihood of conflict in unstable regions. The guide details the specific impacts on military readiness, operations, and strategy, and emphasizes the need for a comprehensive risk management approach combining adaptation and mitigation.

The report identifies the residential sector as the largest global source of black carbon (BC), accounting for 48% of emissions in 2017, followed by transportation (24%) and industry. While emissions have declined in North America, Europe, and China due to stricter standards and fuel switching, these gains are being offset by increases in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, where reliance on unclean cooking fuels remains high. The document highlights critical hotspots, including eastern China and the Indo-Gangetic Plain, and notes that global BC reductions are not currently on track to meet the Paris Climate Agreement's 1.5°C warming limit.

The Accreditation Panel (AP) recommends upgrading Pegasus Capital Advisors, L.P. (PCA) to the 'large' project size category. The assessment confirms that PCA's governance, fiduciary standards, and track record in managing private equity funds and portfolio investments meet GCF requirements for projects with total projected costs exceeding US$ 250 million.

The Southern Sun Newlands hotel improved its water resilience following the 2015-2018 Cape Town drought by combining behavioral changes, water-efficiency technologies, and the installation of a groundwater treatment plant. These measures reduced water consumption by over 40% and allowed the hotel to operate entirely off the municipal water grid, meeting a maximum daily demand of 40–50kl. The hotel's efforts earned it a four-star rating from the City of Cape Town's Water Star Rating programme.

The IISD Energy Program provides practical guidance and research to help governments transition to low-carbon economies, reform fossil fuel subsidies, and implement international climate commitments. The program focuses on quantifying the economic impacts of electricity systems and promoting renewable energy, specifically noting that fossil fuel subsidies in Middle Eastern and African countries could fund the region's renewable energy targets through 2020.

The IISD provides multidisciplinary research and participatory risk management to help governments and communities transition from crisis to sustainability. Its work focuses on integrating climate adaptation into decision-making, addressing environmental drivers of conflict in fragile states, and securing agricultural value chains against climate uncertainty.

The report provides a comprehensive mapping of the global think tank landscape, identifying 5,080 such institutions worldwide. It specifically highlights the 'go-to' think tanks through a selection process involving peer nominations and expert panels, resulting in a list of the top 10 and top 30 think tanks globally (excluding the US), as well as a separate ranking of the top 30 US-based institutions. The document also analyzes the growth and recent decline in the establishment of new think tanks, attributing these trends to factors such as the information revolution, globalization, and changing donor priorities.

This executive summary examines the energy security challenges facing India and China, focusing on their increasing dependence on imported oil and the resulting geopolitical implications for their domestic and foreign policies.

The report finds that 2025 was the third most violent year since 1989, with 245,000 battle-related deaths. It highlights a record high of 65 state-based conflicts and a concerning doubling of international conflicts to eight in 2025. While non-state conflicts decreased slightly, one-sided violence surged to 76,500 fatalities, primarily driven by massacres in Sudan.

The review finds a general scholarly consensus that higher levels of education have a pacifying effect on civil conflict, though this relationship is complex and varies by the type of violence. While low education is often linked to recruitment in civil wars, higher education levels are frequently observed among terrorists and genocide perpetrators. The authors highlight that inter-group educational inequalities—particularly along ethnic and religious lines—significantly increase conflict risks, whereas rapid expansions in tertiary education do not appear to drive destabilization. The document concludes that while education generally promotes peace, its impact is mediated by factors such as regime type, gender equality, and the specific nature of the political violence.

The document examines the complex geopolitical landscape of the Middle East through a series of expert perspectives. Key themes include the failure of Western 'exceptionalism' in diplomacy, the systemic human rights abuses in countries like Egypt and Saudi Arabia, and the critical role of water scarcity as a driver of intra-state conflict. It provides detailed analysis of the 'bottom-up' stabilization efforts in Iraq via local ceasefires, the strategic threat of Iranian nuclear proliferation, and the use of public diplomacy by non-state actors like Hizbollah. Additionally, it addresses the stalled peace process between Israel and Palestine and the specific challenges of the Cyprus division.