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The document examines the interdependence of climate and biodiversity, arguing that current international policy regimes operate in silos. It identifies risks where climate mitigation (such as bioenergy monocultures or transition mineral mining) harms biodiversity, and opportunities where ecosystem restoration provides mutual benefits. The authors recommend establishing a formal work programme or technical expert group under the UNFCCC to coordinate with the CBD, improving the science-policy interface between the IPCC and IPBES, and addressing the double-counting of synergistic finance reported by OECD DAC members.

The report finds that human-caused climate change significantly increased extreme heat and health risks globally from December 2024 to February 2025. At least 1.8 billion people experienced temperatures at least twice as likely due to climate change every day of the period, with exposure peaking at 3 billion people on February 28, 2025. Africa was particularly affected, with 293 million people experiencing 30 or more 'risky heat days' added by climate change. The analysis also highlights that 110 out of 220 analyzed countries and 287 out of 940 cities saw the average person experience strong climate influence for at least one-third of the season.

The document outlines a comprehensive approach to electrifying rural health centers in sub-Saharan Africa using solar PV. It emphasizes the necessity of professional technical consultancy to avoid project failure, provides detailed mathematical formulas for dimensioning components (panels, inverters, and batteries), and compares different system architectures (Off-Grid, On-Grid Backup, and On-Grid). The guide also details various financing models, including Public-Private Partnerships (PPP), and stresses the importance of a two-level maintenance strategy and the appointment of an energy manager ('Monsieur/Madame Energie') to ensure long-term system viability.

The document contains technical appendices for a report on reforming environmentally harmful subsidies (EHS). It introduces a 'Fiscal Pressure' indicator to identify countries where high debt and deficits create strong incentives for subsidy reform, and provides a stakeholder analysis mapping the influence and attitudes of businesses, governments, consumers, and civil society toward EHS reform.

The report maps nearly one hundred agreements on critical minerals between African states and global actors, highlighting the strategic competition for resources. It identifies a lack of transparency in these deals and notes that while China and Russia are prominent, other actors like Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE are expanding their footprints. The analysis emphasizes that these partnerships often reflect broader geopolitical and historical ties rather than just economic needs.

The document argues that Africa's rapid urban growth necessitates immediate investment in food environments to prevent unhealthy path dependencies. It identifies a funding gap of US$100 million over the next five years across four key initiatives: AfriFOODlinks, the Africa Food Environment Research Network (FERN), the Living Off-Grid Food & Infrastructure Collaboration (LOGIC), and the Resilient Municipal Market Fund (ReMark). The brief emphasizes that urban food environments are shaped by physical, economic, social, and infrastructural factors, and suggests aligning these with agroecological principles to improve resilience, equity, and resource efficiency.

The document assesses the effects of US Executive Order 14257, which introduced a 10% universal tariff and higher country-specific tariffs (11% to 50%) on imports from 190 countries. While mineral-exporting nations like Angola and South Africa may find relief through exemptions for oil and critical minerals, countries like Lesotho and Madagascar face severe economic risks, particularly in the textile sector. The analysis highlights a strategic divide: some nations seek bilateral deals, others aim for self-sufficiency, and a group of African WTO members are coordinating through the 'Friends of the System'. The authors argue that African nations should negotiate collectively under the African Union to protect regional integration and the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) as the AGOA program faces expiration on September 30, 2025.

The paper analyzes the economic consequences of US Executive Order 14257, which introduced universal and country-specific tariffs on imports from 190 territories. While many African nations face a 10% universal tariff, 20 countries face higher rates ranging from 11% to 50%, with Lesotho most affected. The authors highlight the vulnerability of textile industries in Lesotho and Madagascar and the uncertainty surrounding the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), which expires on September 30, 2025. The document advocates for a coordinated regional response via the African Union and the African Continental Free Trade Area to mitigate economic risks and negotiate bilateral or sectoral agreements.

The report analyzes the prevalence and effects of tax incentives in Africa's mining sector, concluding that these measures frequently result in substantial public revenue losses and encourage aggressive tax avoidance. It argues that mining investments are driven more by resource quality and political stability than by tax breaks. The document recommends that African nations move away from generous, contract-based incentives and instead adopt regional tax harmonization and targeted, time-limited incentives linked to specific development goals, such as mineral processing and the energy transition.

The report analyzes the integration of human mobility into National Adaptation Plans (NAPs), finding that while 83% of submitted NAPs reference mobility, most lack detailed strategies for sub-national implementation. Through case studies in Costa Rica, Senegal, and Sri Lanka, it identifies gaps in financing, data, and coordination between national and local governments, while proposing a typology of approaches for localizing mobility actions.

The document outlines a framework for the 'auto-renforcement' (self-strengthening) of community-managed territories in Madagascar. It details a process of collective decision-making, self-delimitation, and auto-documentation to enhance local governance and biodiversity conservation. Through case studies in Andranobe, Anja, and Soanavelandrazana, it demonstrates how communities can identify their territories as ICCAs, develop biocultural protocols, and seek voluntary registration in national and international databases to secure recognition and support.

The report evaluates 52 community-managed areas (CMAs) across Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, South Africa, and Tanzania using the Elinor tool. It finds that while 30% of CMAs have made substantial progress toward equitable governance, 40% are in early stages and 30% have made minimal progress. Key challenges include weak operational capacity, limited funding, and gaps in inclusive decision-making. The report argues that secure tenure and clearly defined rights are essential precursors to effective management and positive ecological and social outcomes.

The WWF-US FY2024 Corporate Partnerships Report outlines a strategic framework for engaging businesses to achieve nature-positive and net-zero outcomes. The organization categorizes its corporate work into four primary approaches: transforming business operations, consumer and employee engagement, shared policy and advocacy, and financing climate and nature projects. In FY24, income from these partnerships accounted for 9% of the WWF-US office's total income. The report lists numerous high-value partnerships across sectors such as ICT, retail, and food, with significant investments in nature-based solutions, plastic waste reduction via the ReSource hub, and forest stewardship through the Forests Forward program.

Climate Central's Ocean CSI analysis indicates that Cyclone Chido intensified over waters made significantly warmer by human-caused climate change, with some temperature spikes being up to 92 times more likely due to global warming.

The document discusses the need for lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) and low-income countries (LICs) to optimize their limited public spending on food and agriculture. It highlights that many sub-Saharan African nations fail to meet the Maputo goal of allocating 10% of national budgets to these sectors and often employ trade policies that implicitly penalize farmers to protect poor consumers. To address this, the FAO's Policy Monitoring and Analysis of Food and Agriculture (SAPAA) program uses a Pareto-optimality tool to help governments reallocate budgets across measures such as irrigation, seed subsidies, and rural electrification. A study of six sub-Saharan African countries (Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Mozambique, Nigeria, and Uganda) suggests that optimizing budgets for 2025-2030 could create nearly one million non-farm rural jobs, lift 2.8 million people out of poverty, and enable 16 million more people to afford a healthy diet by 2030 without increasing total spending.

The report analyzes how MDBs can leverage their financial influence to drive low-carbon procurement in infrastructure. While MDBs are increasingly integrating sustainability into policies, they face hurdles such as misalignment with borrowers' socio-economic priorities, limited technical capacity in developing nations, and a lack of market readiness for low-carbon technologies. The authors recommend harmonizing procurement standards across banks, expanding capacity-building for borrowers, and developing systematic monitoring frameworks to track greenhouse gas reductions.

The report analyzes the impact of the Projet d'Aquaculture Durable à Madagascar (PADM) across six regions, comparing extensive rice-fish farming with intensive aquaculture systems. It finds that extensive systems outperform intensive ones by 36% when negative externalities are included in the valuation.

The report examines the slow progress toward gender equity in climate adaptation decision-making, identifying formal and informal barriers and enablers. Using the Gender at Work Framework, it proposes interventions across three pathways—capacities, policies and governance, and gender and social norms—to improve inclusive climate adaptation.

The report details the disclosure of an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA), an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), and an Environmental and Social Management System (ESMS) for the Ampyr - Dhule subproject in Maharashtra, India. It confirms that these documents were made available in English and Marathi to satisfy GCF requirements for Category B sub-projects, ensuring disclosure at least 30 days before an investment decision. The report also notes that the project adheres to an IFC-compliant ESMS and lists specific dates for stakeholder engagement and public disclosure in Mhasale Village.

This analysis of 108 GCF readiness proposals reveals that funding is primarily directed toward governance and institutional coordination (37.1%) and evidence-based planning (32%), with significantly less investment in private sector engagement (2.6%). While most countries use these grants to draft or update National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and develop investment pipelines, the report highlights a need for more national delivery partners and a stronger focus on domestic financing and concrete implementation steps, such as climate adaptation investment plans.