La réponse africaine aux politiques tarifaires des États-Unis

The paper analyzes the economic consequences of US Executive Order 14257, which introduced universal and country-specific tariffs on imports from 190 territories. While many African nations face a 10% universal tariff, 20 countries face higher rates ranging from 11% to 50%, with Lesotho most affected. The authors highlight the vulnerability of textile industries in Lesotho and Madagascar and the uncertainty surrounding the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), which expires on September 30, 2025. The document advocates for a coordinated regional response via the African Union and the African Continental Free Trade Area to mitigate economic risks and negotiate bilateral or sectoral agreements.

• Executive Order 14257, issued on April 2, 2025, established a two-phase tariff system: a universal 10% ad valorem duty for 190 countries starting April 5, 2025, and higher country-specific duties between 11% and 50% for 57 designated countries starting April 9, 2025.
• Twenty African countries are subject to the higher specific tariffs, with Lesotho facing the highest increase at 50%, followed by Madagascar (47%), Mauritius (40%), Botswana (37%), Angola (32%), Libya (31%), and Algeria and South Africa (30% each).
• Certain African economies may be shielded from the worst impacts because the US decree exempts over 1,000 products, including critical minerals, oil, and rare earths, which are primary exports for countries like Nigeria, South Africa, Angola, Zambia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
• The textile and garment industries in Lesotho and Madagascar are highly vulnerable, with Lesotho specifically risking the loss of an industry that employs nearly 40,000 people, mostly women, due to its reliance on AGOA preferences.
• The African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) is set to expire on September 30, 2025, creating significant uncertainty for countries that rely on its duty-free access to the US market, particularly textile exporters.
• African governments have responded with diverse strategies: Zimbabwe proposed removing tariffs on US imports, Uganda focused on national economic resilience, and South Africa, Lesotho, and Madagascar sought bilateral agreements.
• The authors recommend that African nations negotiate as a regional bloc under the African Union to protect individual economies and ensure alignment with the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).

APA

Kugler, K., & Washington, T. (2025). La réponse africaine aux politiques tarifaires des États-Unis. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/policy-analysis/africa-response-us-tariff-policies

Chicago

Kugler, Kholofelo, and Tani Washington. La réponse africaine aux politiques tarifaires des États-Unis. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2025. https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/policy-analysis/africa-response-us-tariff-policies.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Kugler |first1=Kholofelo |last2=Washington |first2=Tani |title=La réponse africaine aux politiques tarifaires des États-Unis |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=2025 |url=https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/policy-analysis/africa-response-us-tariff-policies |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{kugler2025rponse, author = {Kugler, Kholofelo and Washington, Tani}, title = {{La réponse africaine aux politiques tarifaires des États-Unis}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2025}, url = {https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/policy-analysis/africa-response-us-tariff-policies}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }