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This document provides the sources and methodology for Ember's Europe Electricity Interconnection Data Tool. It details how the tool maps Bidding Zones to countries, calculates interconnection capacity (NTC), estimates import potential, and analyzes electricity flows and variable renewable energy (RES) penetration for 2024 and projected scenarios for 2030 and 2040.

The 'Sustainable Debt Global State of the Market 2024' report by the Climate Bonds Initiative provides a detailed analysis of aligned green, social, sustainability, and sustainability-linked (GSS+) debt as of the end of Q1 2025. It tracks cumulative volumes, quarterly trends, and the performance of various issuer types and sovereign nations, highlighting a total cumulative aligned volume of USD 5.9 trillion.

The report 'Rewiring for growth' examines how smarter grid strategies, including phased connections, flexible load agreements, and strategic siting, can accelerate the deployment of data centres and AI infrastructure while reducing the need for extensive grid expansion.

This report by Ember analyses the critical role of electricity grid availability in determining the location and growth of data centres in Europe. It argues that grid congestion in traditional hubs is pushing investment toward the Nordics and Southern Europe, and recommends proactive grid planning, flexible connection agreements, and strategic siting to support the EU's AI ambitions.

This report chapter examines the challenges of grid connection capacity for renewable energy projects in Turkey and globally, highlighting how infrastructure limitations, economic risks, and procedural inefficiencies delay the energy transition.

This report examines the potential benefits of eco-certification for Manitoba's commercial fisheries, noting that 80% of their catch is exported to the US and Europe. It finds growing demand for sustainable seafood among younger consumers and in Northwestern Europe, though price premiums rarely reach producers. The report recommends improving communication with fishers through accessible formats and designated community liaisons to bridge gaps between fishers and government decision-makers.

This research paper examines the capacities and skills required for the locally led design and implementation of knowledge co-production processes, specifically focusing on disaster risk and climate adaptation challenges. The analysis is based on lessons from real-world labs implemented under the Horizon Europe project, DIRECTED, in Denmark, Italy, Germany, and Austria/Hungary.

The 'Türkiye Elektrik Görünümü 2025' report by Ember analyzes Turkey's electricity production and consumption for 2024, highlighting a pivotal shift where wind and solar generation surpassed domestic coal for the first time. While solar energy saw record growth, the report notes that the expansion of renewables is not yet keeping pace with rising electricity demand, which is increasingly driven by cooling needs during extreme heatwaves. The document also evaluates Turkey's new 2035 capacity targets and provides policy recommendations to overcome grid connection constraints.

This research paper analyzes the G7's failure to meet its 2025 deadline to phase out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies, noting that subsidies reached a record USD 282 billion in 2023. The author examines the drivers of this increase, the distribution of subsidies across G7 members, and provides policy recommendations for the G7 to advance reform under Canada's presidency.

This report by Ember analyzes renewable power capacity in the Mediterranean region, comparing current trends and national targets against the TeraMed Initiative's goal of 1 TW by 2030. It finds that while renewable capacity has already surpassed fossil fuel capacity and is projected to double by 2030, significant acceleration in deployment is required to meet the 1 TW target.

The report 'Auge y caída del carbón 2025' by Global Energy Monitor analyzes global coal power trends in 2024, highlighting a record low in new capacity additions globally, despite significant construction surges in China and new proposals in India. It details the acceleration of coal phase-outs in the EU and the UK, while examining the persistence of coal subsidies in Brazil and the challenges of transitioning in other regions like Colombia and Southeast Asia.

This report by Ember analyzes the European Union's progress toward phasing out Russian gas by 2027. It finds that despite political commitments, Russian gas imports increased in 2024, and the EU is significantly over-investing in gas infrastructure that is likely to be underutilised by 2030. The report argues that the EU is risking a new dependency on volatile global LNG markets and recommends legally binding targets to end Russian gas imports.

The report argues that the European Union's 2020 hydrogen strategy was overly ambitious and requires recalibration to align with market realities. It advocates for a pragmatic, implementation-focused approach that prioritizes 'hard-to-electrify' sectors—such as steel, maritime, and fertilizers—while utilizing a combination of mandates ('sticks') and targeted funding ('carrots') to bridge the cost gap between renewable hydrogen and fossil-based alternatives.

A statement by Trend Asia and a global coalition of civil society organizations arguing that large-scale forest biomass combustion for energy is not carbon neutral, harms biodiversity, violates community rights, and obstructs the transition to clean energy. The signatories call for the cessation of forest biomass expansion and the removal of related subsidies.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the necessity of reforming investment treaties and the Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) system. It argues that traditional treaties, which prioritize investor protection, often conflict with sustainable development goals, create significant financial burdens for states, and discourage necessary public interest regulations, particularly regarding the energy transition.

Friends of the Earth International issues a statement calling for a fundamental systemic change in biodiversity financing ahead of the COP16.2 meeting in Rome. The organization argues that current financial mechanisms are unjust, driven by destructive industries, and fail to support the most effective conservation actors, such as Indigenous peoples and local communities.

This briefing by Friends of the Earth International argues that the biodiversity crisis is driven by systemic financial failures and calls for a fundamental reform of the financial system ahead of the COP16.2 negotiations in Rome. It criticizes the current reliance on private finance, biodiversity offsets, and the failure of developed nations to meet funding pledges, while advocating for direct financial support for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs).

This report evaluates the first five years of the European Green Deal (2019-2024), detailing the transformation of the EU electricity sector through the surge of wind and solar power, the resulting decline in fossil fuel dependency, and the associated economic and emissions benefits.

The Ember report '2024 at a glance' details the EU power sector's performance in 2024, highlighting a record decline in fossil fuel generation and a record high for clean energy sources, which reached 71% of the power mix.

This report by Ember details the record growth of solar energy in the European Union in 2024, noting increases in both generation and installed capacity across all member states. It argues that to sustain this growth and manage the resulting price volatility—SSS, the EU must accelerate the deployment of 'clean flexibility' solutions, including batteries, smart electrification, and grid modernization.