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This guide, produced by the International Institute for Sustainable Development's Global Subsidies Initiative and the Institute for Essential Services Reform, examines the costs and benefits of energy subsidies in Indonesia. It details the mechanisms of subsidies for fuel, electricity, coal, and LPG, arguing that these measures primarily benefit wealthier citizens while creating fiscal vulnerabilities, discouraging clean energy investment, and encouraging illegal activities like smuggling.

This document is an annex to a report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) that evaluates the potential for Nature-based Infrastructure (NBI) to reduce the global infrastructure investment gap. It provides a literature review of infrastructure needs across sectors such as water, energy, and transport, and compares the costs and value generation of NBI against traditional 'grey' infrastructure using SAVi assessments.

This guide by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the role of investment treaties and Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) mechanisms in global governance. It argues that traditional treaties, designed to protect foreign investors and attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), often conflict with sustainable development goals by creating 'regulatory chill' and imposing high financial costs on host states. The document advocates for an ambitious reform of investment law to prioritize public interest, environmental protection, and human rights over investor protections.

This briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development describes the 'Development Box' (DB), a proposed mechanism within the World Trade Organization (WTO) to provide developing countries with enhanced special and differential treatment (S&D) measures in agriculture. The proposal seeks to address negative outcomes of the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) by prioritizing food security and the livelihoods of poor farmers over strict trade liberalization.

This white paper examines the integration of Life Cycle Costing (LCC) within sustainable public procurement (SPP), arguing that current models often fail to deliver the best value for taxpayers by overemphasizing upfront purchase prices over long-term operational and environmental costs. The authors identify systemic barriers—including conflicting capital and revenue budgets, a lack of professional expertise, and data gaps—and recommend that LCC be integrated into high-level public expenditure and resource allocation policies rather than remaining a routine procurement task.

This briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development and CUTS International, Geneva, provides an update on the World Trade Organization (WTO) Informal Working Group (IWG) on Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) from June to December 2020. It details the disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on MSMEs, particularly those led by women, and outlines a package of six recommendations and declarations adopted by the IWG in December 2020 to improve MSME integration into the multilateral trading system.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) analyzes the state of negotiations regarding Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) leading up to the 2009 COP 15 in Copenhagen. It examines the technical and political challenges surrounding the scope of REDD, financing mechanisms, measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) systems, and institutional governance, providing guidance for developing countries to navigate these negotiations.

This report by the Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) provides preliminary estimates of global energy subsidies by source for 2007, detailing the assumptions and calculations used for nuclear energy, renewable energy, biofuels, fossil fuels, and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS).

This executive summary presents a Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi) assessment of three mobility scenarios for Indonesia to achieve net-zero transport by 2050. The analysis compares strategies based on 'avoid, shift, and improve' interventions, concluding that a combined approach of public transport investment and private vehicle electrification yields the highest societal benefits.

This fact sheet lists the top 15 banana-producing countries in 2016 and references data sources regarding harvest areas, production levels, and Voluntary Sustainability Standard (VSS) compliance.

This fact sheet lists the top 15 cocoa-producing countries as of 2016, referencing data on harvest area and Voluntary Sustainability Standard (VSS) compliance.

A fact sheet from the International Institute for Sustainable Development mapping the distribution of coffee production across the top 15 producing countries in 2016, focusing on harvest area, production volume, and Voluntary Sustainability Standard (VSS) compliance.

This fact sheet identifies the top 15 sugarcane-producing countries in 2016 and provides a framework for categorizing their production by harvest area and compliance with Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS).

This fact sheet from the International Institute for Sustainable Development lists the top 15 tea-producing countries in 2016, referencing data from the FAO and other sources regarding harvest areas and Voluntary Sustainability Standard (VSS) compliance.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development analyzes the global tea market, focusing on the growth of Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS) and the potential for expanding sustainable production in Low Human Development Countries (LHDCs). It examines production trends, trade flows, and the systemic challenges facing the tea industry, such as climate change and inequitable wealth distribution.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) details the outcomes of the UNFCCC climate change negotiations held in Bonn in June and August 2009. It outlines the progress and persistent divisions between developed and developing nations across four key pillars—mitigation, adaptation, technology, and finance—as they worked toward a global post-2012 agreement intended for adoption at COP-15 in Copenhagen.

In 2014, Indonesia removed gasoline subsidies and transitioned diesel to a fixed-price subsidy, saving an estimated USD 15.6 billion in 2015. These funds were used to increase spending on ministries, infrastructure, and regional transfers. While the reform initially reduced fuel consumption and improved fiscal space, the document reports a trend of backsliding by 2018, with the government freezing prices and effectively reintroducing subsidies borne by the state-owned company Pertamina.

This infographic from the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) outlines ten key points regarding electricity subsidies in Indonesia, highlighting inefficiencies in targeting, the financial burden of subsidies, and the challenges of implementing reform.

This guide by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) provides a comprehensive analysis of how states can terminate old-generation bilateral investment treaties (BITs). It examines the legal frameworks under public international law, analyzes common termination and survival clause models, and reviews recent state practices. The document offers strategic recommendations for states on whether to terminate BITs unilaterally or by consent, how to handle survival clauses to reduce investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) risks, and provides drafting suggestions for new treaties to avoid the pitfalls of older models.

This briefing by the International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) and the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the status of implementation-related issues following the WTO Doha Ministerial Conference. It details the disputes over whether these issues are subject to negotiation or mere discussion, and reviews the failure of various WTO committees to meet deadlines or reach consensus on key trade areas including textiles, subsidies, anti-dumping, and intellectual property.