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China is strategically transitioning its coal power fleet from a baseload generation role to providing system flexibility to support the rapid expansion of wind and solar energy. The country is on track to fully retrofit its existing coal fleet for flexibility by 2027, though the report emphasizes that clean flexibility solutions, particularly battery energy storage, must scale up to avoid locking in emissions beyond 2030.

This report analyzes China's position as the world's largest methane emitter and explores how sustainable finance can accelerate abatement in the energy, agriculture, and waste sectors. It highlights a significant investment gap, estimating China's annual methane abatement needs at USD 7.7 billion. While policy frameworks like the Methane Emissions Control Action Plan and updated NDCs are emerging, the report argues that a lack of quantitative targets, technical standards, and integrated MRV systems hinders private investment. It recommends incorporating methane into the national ETS, refining green taxonomies, and encouraging financial institutions to set science-based methane targets.

This report by Global Energy Monitor and the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA) analyzes the state of coal power expansion in China as of February 2026. It highlights a critical divergence where coal capacity reached a decade-high in 2025 despite falling generation and the rapid growth of clean energy and storage. The authors argue that current investment incentives and a large project pipeline risk locking in overcapacity and hindering China's 2030 climate targets, urging a fundamental shift in coal's role from baseload power to a flexible, residual support resource during the 15th Five-Year Plan.

This report examines the financing gap in China's agri-food system transition, noting that while the sector is a major global emitter, it receives minimal climate finance. It argues that current green and inclusive finance policies are insufficient and advocates for a 'transition finance' framework. Key recommendations include improving GHG disclosure, developing credible entity-level transition plans, and aligning agricultural subsidies with climate goals to ensure a just transition for smallholders.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative examines the landscape of green and climate finance in China, highlighting the gap between current investment levels and the funding required to meet climate targets. It analyzes the dominance of the public sector, regional investment patterns, and the barriers preventing private capital from scaling, while offering recommendations for policy improvements and the greening of outbound investments.

A fact sheet detailing a CNY 2 billion green bond issued by the Bank of Zhengzhou on June 5, 2019, with a three-year tenor and proceeds allocated to pollution prevention, clean transport, energy saving, and adaptation.

This report evaluates China's 2010 reform of residential electricity pricing, which transitioned from a flat-rate system to a tiered electricity pricing (TEP) mechanism. The reform aimed to improve energy efficiency, reduce environmental pollution, and address the regressive nature of flat subsidies that disproportionately benefited high-income households. While the central government set general principles, provincial governments designed specific price ladders and volume blocks. The report analyzes the impacts on different income groups, the role of grid companies, and the challenges of public communication and operational feasibility.

This research paper examines the settlement and integration of Chinese retail traders in Dakar, Senegal, specifically focusing on the transformation of the Le Centenaire area around Boulevard Général de Gaulle from a residential zone into a commercial hub. It analyzes the economic drivers of this migration, the resulting tensions with local trade unions, and the community's efforts to organize independently of the Chinese embassy.

This report by the Center for International Environmental Law examines the intersection of lead pollution and human rights, detailing the severe health impacts on children and adults and how these impacts violate international legal standards regarding the right to life, health, housing, and information.

This report by the Center for International Environmental Law examines the severe health impacts of lead contamination and its implications for fundamental human rights, including the rights to life, health, adequate housing, and access to information. It highlights the extreme vulnerability of children and workers, particularly in developing countries, and identifies key sources of exposure such as leaded fuel, paint, and battery manufacturing.

This case study examines the integration of climate change adaptation into China's Comprehensive Agricultural Development (CAD) program, specifically through the World Bank-financed Irrigated Agriculture Intensification Loan III Project (IAIL3) and a subsequent Global Environmental Facility (GEF) grant. Focused on the 3H Plain, the initiative aimed to address water scarcity and agricultural vulnerability by implementing drought-resistant crop varieties, water-harvesting infrastructure, and capacity-building for farmers, including rural women.