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This guide from the International Institute for Sustainable Development explains the role and trends of international public finance in the energy sector, specifically focusing on the activities of G20 governments and multilateral development banks (MDBs).

A briefing by the NewClimate Institute analyzing the climate benefits of implementing the 2030 energy and methane goals agreed upon at COP28, specifically focusing on the impact of G20 implementation on global warming and emissions.

In 2023, G20 governments provided at least USD 168 billion in public financial support for renewable power, a figure that is less than one third of the USD 535 billion provided in fossil fuel subsidies that same year.

This policy brief provides six recommendation pathways to integrate gendered care work into emergency preparedness and response for climate-related disasters, noting that such disasters disproportionately affect those with care responsibilities, primarily women.

This briefing by RMI outlines how G20 nations can reduce the environmental impact of the logistics sector, which currently accounts for 10 percent of global emissions. It advocates for a four-pronged strategy involving operational reimagining, policy frameworks, infrastructure redevelopment, and the mobilization of finance to transition the sector toward sustainability.

A letter from the Global Climate and Health Alliance to health ministers during COP28, urging the integration of health and wellbeing as a central benchmark for climate negotiations and calling for a full phase-out of fossil fuels as a public health necessity.

This policy brief from the Stockholm Environment Institute provides recommendations for G20 governments to ensure a just transition as they phase out fossil fuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

The Strategic Plan for Advancing Energy Efficiency Across Demand Sectors by 2030, developed under the Indian G20 Presidency, outlines a framework to double the global rate of energy efficiency improvement by 2030. It emphasizes five key pillars—buildings, industry, transport, financing, and behavior—and calls for a tripling of annual investments in end-use energy efficiency to align with the Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goal 7.

This policy brief, produced as part of the T20 2023 hosted by India, argues for the digitalization of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) to enhance agricultural productivity, resilience, and emissions management through real-time data and localized information.

The 'Strategic Plan for Advancing Energy Efficiency Across Demand Sectors by 2030' is a report prepared by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) and the Ministry of Power, Government of India, for the G20 Energy Transitions Working Group. It outlines a framework to double the global annual rate of energy intensity improvement by 2030 to align with the Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goal 7.3. The plan focuses on five pillars: buildings, industry, transport, financing, and behavioral changes, proposing specific policy actions, technological deployments, and high-impact opportunities to accelerate decarbonization.

This policy brief argues that Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is an insufficient measure of success and a barrier to financing the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It advocates for G20 countries to adopt inclusive wealth indicators by 2025 to better account for long-term sustainability and human wellbeing.

The report argues that G20 countries must move beyond GDP as the primary measure of national progress to ensure an inclusive economic recovery and effective climate action. It proposes a stock-flow approach to measuring wellbeing that incorporates economic, environmental, social, and human factors, emphasizing that long-term wellbeing is determined by a portfolio of inclusive wealth rather than market income.

This research paper by the NewClimate Institute compares 2021 greenhouse gas emission projections for G20 countries up to 2030 against projections made in 2015. While absolute projected emissions have decreased and growth rates have slowed, the G20 collectively remains off track to meet the Paris Agreement temperature goals, with emissions still expected to increase slightly by 2030.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute analyzes the alignment of G20 COVID-19 recovery spending with the Paris Agreement. It argues that G20 nations have largely ignored the climate crisis in their recovery packages, favoring carbon-intensive solutions over clean energy, and proposes a typology of five policy levers—monetary, financial/real-economy, fiscal, public finance, and information instruments—that governments can use to align finance flows with climate goals.

This research paper by the NewClimate Institute analyzes the adoption of climate change mitigation policies within the G20 from 2000 to 2019, identifying significant policy gaps across all sectors that leave a portion of emissions uncovered.

The Forum on Trade, Environment, & the SDGs argues that the lack of a formal, ministerial-level international agenda for climate and trade leads to policy silos and trade tensions. The author proposes the creation of a Trade Ministers’ Coalition for Cooperation on Climate Action to align global trade flows with the Paris Agreement and ensure a just transition.

This research paper evaluates 168 nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to the Paris Agreement against international environmental law. It finds that some countries use unjustified indicators (like cost or emissions per GDP) to set targets. The author argues that to meet temperature goals, developed states must be net-negative by 2030, and among the G20, only India and Indonesia have justification for temporary emission increases relative to 2010.

The G20, responsible for 75% of global GHG emissions, currently has commitments that put the world on a trajectory for 2.4°C of warming. While announced but non-formalized pledges could lower this to 2.1°C, only a comprehensive shift where all G20 members align with 1.5°C pathways and mid-century net zero targets could limit warming to 1.7°C. The report identifies a 23 GtCO2e emissions gap for 2030 and warns that many net zero pledges are unrealistic without significantly stronger near-term (2030) targets. Achieving the 1.5°C goal will require G20 leadership, action from non-G20 countries, and the fulfillment of climate finance commitments to developing nations.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development tracks the progress of G20 countries in phasing out subsidies for coal production and consumption, including coal-fired power, by examining fiscal support, public finance, and state-owned enterprise investment.

This working paper, produced as an input for the G20 Climate and Sustainability Working Group, examines how G20 nations can leverage Long-Term Strategies (LTSs) and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to meet Paris Agreement goals. It argues that integrating long-term visions with near-term targets drives sustainable economic growth and provides a roadmap to avoid carbon-intensive lock-in. The document provides frameworks for NDC implementation, guidance for updating NDCs by 2020, and strategies for G20 countries to support developing nations in overcoming capacity and financing gaps.