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This literature review by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and Sitra examines the relationship between the transition to a circular economy and its impact on global and regional employment, emphasizing the need for 'decent work' and just transition policies.

A Green Bond Fact Sheet for a EUR 10 million issuance by Reconcept GmbH to finance renewable energy projects globally.

In the first half of 2020, renewable electricity generation exceeded fossil fuel generation for the first time in the EU-27, driven by new installations, favorable weather, and a COVID-19-related drop in electricity demand.

This fact sheet from the World Resources Institute provides a comparative analysis of net-zero targets adopted by 19 countries and the European Union as of July 2020, evaluating their design robustness, target years, sectoral coverage, and legal status.

A Green Bond Fact Sheet detailing a SEK600m (USD63m) green bond issued by Cibus Nordic Real Estate on June 12, 2020, to finance energy-efficient building projects in the Nordic region.

An analysis of preliminary 2019 emissions data from the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), highlighting a significant decline in power sector emissions driven by the collapse of coal power and the emergence of steel plants as primary emitters in several countries.

This report analyzes the evolving jurisprudence of UN human rights treaty bodies (HRTBs) from 2008 to 2019, concluding that States have legal obligations under human rights treaties to implement ambitious climate mitigation (including phasing out fossil fuels), ensure inclusive adaptation, and provide international cooperation. Key developments include a 2019 joint statement by five HRTBs and the Human Rights Committee's recognition that climate change threatens the right to life, potentially triggering non-refoulment obligations in deportation cases.

This report describes the release of three baseline SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model applications for river basins in Finland, Sweden, and Poland. These models, developed as part of the BONUS RETURN project, are hosted in the Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) open data repository to allow researchers and practitioners to utilize existing parameterizations or develop new scenarios for these specific catchments.

This Green Bond Fact Sheet details a SEK 750 million (USD 80 million) green bond issued by Sagax AB on December 16, 2019, to finance low-carbon, energy-efficient buildings with at least LEED Gold certification.

This report by Sandbag analyzes how the disparity in carbon pricing between the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) and its non-EU neighbors leads to 'carbon leakage,' where high-carbon electricity, primarily from coal, is imported into the EU. The authors argue that this undermines EU climate goals and incentivizes the continued use of coal in neighboring states. To combat this, the report proposes the implementation of a border carbon adjustment (BCA) specifically for electricity imports.

This report provides a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of selected eco-technologies for wastewater treatment and nutrient recovery across three catchment areas in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). By combining CBA with multi-criteria analysis (MCA), the study evaluates the economic efficiency of various technologies compared to baseline scenarios, focusing on the recovery of phosphorus and nitrogen and the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions.

This fact sheet from the Climate Bonds Initiative details a EUR 350 million perpetual green bond issued by Citycon on November 22, 2019, to fund environmental improvements in urban shopping centres.

This fact sheet details a green bond issued by Ficolo, a Finnish cloud delivery service provider, on October 2, 2019. The bond, totaling EUR 20 million, is dedicated to financing data centers operated solely by renewable energy and represents several firsts for the Finnish green bond market.

This Green Bond Fact Sheet describes a EUR 500 million (USD 570 million) green bond issued by Vattenfall AB on June 24, 2019, with a maturity date of June 24, 2026.

This research paper analyzes how components of political corporatism—specifically inclusiveness, consensualism, and the strength of tripartite organizations—influence the ambition of climate policies, using a comparison between Sweden and Finland.

This fact sheet from the Climate Bonds Initiative details a EUR140 million (USD157 million) green bond issued by European Energy A/S on June 20, 2019, to fund renewable energy projects and refinance existing debt.

This document is a Green Bond Fact Sheet from the Climate Bonds Initiative detailing a SEK 1bn (USD 106m) green bond issued by Fastighets AB Balder on June 5, 2019.

This report reviews 175 agriculture-related water policy recommendations from the European Commission, HELCOM, and EU BONUS projects. It finds that governance is the most prioritized area (31%), followed by financing and methods/tools. While the EU and HELCOM focus on regulatory frameworks and international harmonization, BONUS projects advocate for more innovative, result-based payments and co-governance. Notably, biodiversity and enforcement are entirely absent from the recommendations, and climate change is rarely mentioned.

Hemfosa Fastigheter AB issued a SEK1.3bn (USD135m) senior unsecured green bond on May 16, 2019, to fund green buildings and energy efficiency projects. As the first listed Swedish community service property owner to issue a green bond, Hemfosa requires assets to meet strict certifications (e.g., BREEAM Very Good) and energy efficiency thresholds (25% better than national regulations). The company committed to annual public reporting on the use of proceeds and GHG emissions avoided.

This report by Climate Action Network (CAN) Europe and Sandbag analyzes the draft National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs) of 21 EU Member States that use coal for electricity. It finds that the EU is on track to miss the goal of stopping coal use by 2030 to limit global warming to 1.5°C, with 60 GW of capacity projected to remain in 2030.