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The 'Boom and Bust Coal 2025' report tracks global coal-fired power plant trends in 2024, noting a 20-year low in new capacity globally, though significant construction surges continue in China and India. While the EU and UK have accelerated coal phase-outs, Indonesia faces a contradictory trend where 'captive' coal plants for industrial use are increasing despite national transition goals.

This report by Ember analyzes the European Union's progress toward phasing out Russian gas by 2027. It finds that despite political commitments, Russian gas imports increased in 2024, and the EU is significantly over-investing in gas infrastructure that is likely to be underutilised by 2030. The report argues that the EU is risking a new dependency on volatile global LNG markets and recommends legally binding targets to end Russian gas imports.

This research paper proposes a comprehensive trade and sustainable development agenda for the Organization of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS) within the multilateral trading system. It outlines a five-part plan to leverage the World Trade Organization (WTO) for green industrialization and suggests adopting partnership models, such as those used by the EU, to reduce commodity dependence and enhance renewable energy production.

This report by the African Future Policies Hub analyzes proposed amendments to the European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) introduced on 26 February 2025. While the amendments aim to reduce the administrative burden on EU importers through new volumetric thresholds and simplified default values, the report argues these changes primarily benefit EU entities and may negatively impact African exporters by increasing costs or reducing the benefits of domestic carbon pricing.

This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development examines the role of trade and investment agreements in the critical minerals boom, highlighting the tension between importing countries' desire for stable raw material access and exporting countries' goals for domestic value addition and sustainability.

This report by RMI examines the evolution and current state of the United States fertilizer market, focusing on the transition from carbon-intensive ammonia production to low-carbon alternatives. It details various technological pathways for green and blue ammonia, compares the properties of nitrogen-based fertilizers, and identifies systemic barriers to the adoption of sustainable production methods. The document also outlines state and national incentives in the U.S. designed to support the deployment of green fertilizer infrastructure.

The report argues that the European Union's 2020 hydrogen strategy was overly ambitious and requires recalibration to align with market realities. It advocates for a pragmatic, implementation-focused approach that prioritizes 'hard-to-electrify' sectors—such as steel, maritime, and fertilizers—while utilizing a combination of mandates ('sticks') and targeted funding ('carrots') to bridge the cost gap between renewable hydrogen and fossil-based alternatives.

This policy brief from the Mistra Geopolitics research programme examines the role of mandatory human rights and environmental due diligence (HREDD) in managing the risks associated with critical raw material supply chains during the green transition, warning that current EU legislative trends may weaken these protections.

This report by the Center for International Environmental Law argues that a restrictive international governance framework for geoengineering already exists across environmental agreements and human rights law, but is being undermined by a proliferation of outdoor experiments and commercial carbon markets.

The '2030 Global Forest Vision' report outlines eight priority actions for governments to implement in 2025 to meet the goal of halting and reversing deforestation and forest degradation by 2030. The framework emphasizes integrating forest goals into national climate and biodiversity plans, scaling up finance through mechanisms like the Tropical Forest Finance Facility (TFFF), securing land rights for Indigenous and local communities, and reforming harmful agricultural subsidies.

A statement by World Resources Institute's Stientje van Veldhoven evaluating the European Commission's Clean Industrial Deal, noting its correct priorities in decarbonization and financing while criticizing gaps in resource efficiency, CBAM stability, and concrete resource targets.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics examines the systemic failures of carbon offsetting, arguing that these mechanisms often increase global emissions rather than reduce them. The document details how both compliance and voluntary carbon markets suffer from low environmental integrity, lack of additionality, and fraudulent practices, particularly in forestry projects. It concludes that carbon offsets are not a valid climate solution and that priority must be given to direct emission mitigation over offsetting or unproven large-scale carbon removal technologies.

This research paper examines the influence of subsidies and renewable energy costs on the competitiveness of low-carbon steelmaking in the United States and the European Union, analyzing the tension between industrial policy and climate action.

This briefing note from the International Institute for Sustainable Development outlines the barriers to phasing out fossil fuel subsidies in international aviation and maritime shipping and provides recommendations for taxation and emissions levies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and create a level playing field across transport modes.

This guide, published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and Porticus, provides a strategic framework for philanthropic organizations to advance the reform of environmentally harmful subsidies (EHS). It argues that redirecting a portion of the USD 2 trillion annually spent on EHS could significantly fund biodiversity and climate goals. The document outlines a theory of change based on defining problems, identifying solutions, and creating political support to open 'policy windows' for reform.

This briefing note by the Forum on Trade, Environment, & the SDGs (TESS) and E3G examines the intersection of global trade, climate policy, and the energy transition. It analyzes how the shift away from fossil fuels reshapes geopolitical power and trade flows, highlighting the disproportionate risks and opportunities for developing countries. The document advocates for proactive trade policy reforms, increased financial support, and international coordination to ensure an equitable transition that avoids protectionism and supports climate-resilient development in the Global South.

This report evaluates the first five years of the European Green Deal (2019-2024), detailing the transformation of the EU electricity sector through the surge of wind and solar power, the resulting decline in fossil fuel dependency, and the associated economic and emissions benefits.

The Ember report '2024 at a glance' details the EU power sector's performance in 2024, highlighting a record decline in fossil fuel generation and a record high for clean energy sources, which reached 71% of the power mix.

In 2024, the EU's electricity transition saw solar power overtake coal for the first time, with renewables reaching a 47% share of the power sector. Gas generation declined for the fifth consecutive year, and combined with coal reductions, power sector emissions fell to below half of their 2007 peak. Since 2019, wind and solar growth has saved the EU €59 billion in fossil fuel imports, though the report notes that wind power deployment must more than double its recent rate to meet 2030 targets.

This report by Ember details the record growth of solar energy in the European Union in 2024, noting increases in both generation and installed capacity across all member states. It argues that to sustain this growth and manage the resulting price volatility—SSS, the EU must accelerate the deployment of 'clean flexibility' solutions, including batteries, smart electrification, and grid modernization.