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This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) analyzes the legal principles and methods used to determine compensation for the expropriation of foreign investments. It examines the tension between customary international law and Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs), highlighting how vague treaty language often leaves the calculation of compensation to the discretion of arbitral tribunals and accounting firms. The document provides recommendations for States to draft more precise BIT clauses to protect public funds and maintain regulatory space for public interest legislation.

This guide by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) analyzes the legal principles and methods for calculating compensation in cases of expropriation of foreign investments. It examines the differences between customary international law and Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs), highlighting the challenges of valuing indirect expropriation and the risks associated with various valuation methods used by arbitral tribunals.

The IAI Directorate Report for July 2012 - April 2013 details the transition between Collaborative Research Network programs (CRN2 to CRN3), the implementation of capacity-building workshops across the Americas, and significant operational and legal challenges faced by the Institute in Brazil.

This briefing describes a CDKN-funded project (RSGL 0024e) running from April 2012 to March 2014 with a value of £490,248. The project aims to integrate climate compatible development (CCD) perspectives into Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) and Andean Reciprocal watershed Agreements (ARA) by combining the strengths of top-down national schemes and bottom-up local initiatives.

This document is a list of participants for the 34th Executive Council Meeting of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research, which took place on June 29, 2012, in Arlington, Virginia, USA.

The Action List from the Twentieth meeting of the Conference of the Parties (CoP) of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), held June 27-29, 2012, in Arlington, Virginia, details administrative decisions including budget approvals, the election of leadership, and the establishment of a committee for the IAI Tripartite Directorate.

The document records the decisions made during the twentieth meeting of the Conference of the Parties (CoP) of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), held from June 27-29, 2012, in Arlington, Virginia, USA.

The document is a participant list for the IAI 20th Conference of the Parties Science-Policy Dialogue held in Arlington, Virginia, from June 27 to June 29, 2012. It provides contact details for representatives from various American countries, the US, Canada, and international organizations.

The Minutes of EC-XXXIII document the 33rd Meeting of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) Executive Council held on June 26, 2012, in Arlington, VA, USA. The meeting focused on financial reporting, the approval of new science research projects, and the establishment of a new tripartite governance structure for the IAI Directorate.

This document is a budget request from the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) for the 2012/2013 fiscal year, including preliminary projections for 2013-2015. It details the operational costs required to maintain the IAI Directorate, manage scientific programs such as CRN II and CRN III, and facilitate the relocation of the Directorate's headquarters from Brazil to Uruguay.

The Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research's Quarterly Status Report for June 2012 details the organization's financial standing, including core budget contributions, expenses through February 2012, and administrative challenges regarding staff contracts and tax liabilities in Brazil.

The twentieth meeting of the Conference of the Parties (CoP) of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), held from June 27-29, 2012, in Arlington, VA, USA, resulted in the adoption of several administrative and operational resolutions.

This report summarizes a side event held on March 26, 2012, organized by the 'Friends of Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform' to build consensus on reforming fossil-fuel subsidies ahead of the Rio+20 summit. The event featured perspectives from the IMF, the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), and representatives from Ethiopia, Costa Rica, and Sweden, focusing on the fiscal, environmental, and social implications of subsidy removal.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the legal complexities of 'indirect expropriation' in international investment law. It analyzes how the lack of a clear definition in most investment treaties creates tension between the protection of foreign private investments and the sovereign right of host states to regulate in the public interest, particularly regarding health, environment, and human rights.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the legal complexities of 'indirect expropriation' in international investment law. It analyzes how the lack of a precise definition in treaties allows arbitral tribunals to apply varying criteria—such as the 'sole effect doctrine' or proportionality—which can conflict with a state's sovereign right to regulate for the public interest, including health, environment, and human rights.

This report details the resolutions and decisions made during the 19th Special Conference of the Parties (CoP) of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), held on February 15, 2012, in Arlington, Virginia. The primary focus of the meeting was addressing operational challenges within the IAI Directorate and approving a tripartite proposal to distribute the Directorate's functions across Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay to enhance science-policy integration and operational stability.

This report summarizes a high-level discussion titled "The Missing Piece? Climate Change Mitigation and the Benefits of Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform," held as an official side event of the UNFCCC COP 17 on December 7, 2011, in Durban, South Africa. The event focused on the scale of fossil fuel subsidies compared to climate finance and the necessity of reforming these subsidies to enable green growth and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

This 2012 report summarizes a task force meeting in Durban, South Africa, aimed at identifying lessons learned for REDD+ policy capacity in developing countries. The discussions prioritized three 'pillars'—Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV), safeguards, and financing—as the primary areas for research and policy development. The report emphasizes the need for country-driven processes, effective communication with local communities, and the integration of national experiences (such as those from Brazil, Kenya, and Indonesia) to inform international negotiations and national implementation.

This report synthesizes key findings from the IPCC's Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters (SREX), specifically focusing on the implications for Latin America and the Caribbean. It examines the interaction between climate change, human factors, and the natural environment to assess disaster risk and provides guidance on integrating disaster risk management (DRM) with climate change adaptation and sustainable development.

This report synthesizes findings from the IPCC Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Promote Adaptation to Climate Change (SREX), specifically focusing on the implications for Latin America and the Caribbean. It examines the interaction between climate extremes, human factors, and the environment, emphasizing that disaster risk is increasing due to rising vulnerability and exposure, even independent of climate change.