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The report concludes that the June 2021 Pacific Northwest heatwave was virtually impossible without human-caused climate change, estimating it as a 1-in-1000 year event in the current climate. The analysis indicates the event was approximately 2°C hotter than it would have been in a pre-industrial climate and would have been at least 150 times rarer without anthropogenic warming. Future projections suggest that in a world with 2°C of global warming, such an event would occur every 5 to 10 years and be another degree hotter. Meteorological drivers included an 'omega-block' high-pressure system and dry antecedent soil conditions, while natural variability modes like ENSO and PDO played little to no role.

The report finds that 15.3% of global agricultural production, approximately 1.2 billion tonnes, is lost at the farm stage, with an estimated economic value of $370 billion. It challenges the assumption that losses are primarily a low-income country issue, noting that higher- and middle-income countries are responsible for 58% of global harvest losses. Environmental impacts are significant, including 2.2 gigatonnes of CO2 eq. emissions, 760 km3 of freshwater withdrawals, and 4.4 million km2 of land use, with meat and animal products having a disproportionately high impact. The report identifies a complex web of direct drivers (biological, agronomic, and technological) and indirect drivers (market structure, governance, and human factors) and argues for synchronized, holistic interventions rather than isolated technical fixes.

The report examines the global crisis of human-wildlife conflict (HWC), detailing its impacts on ecosystems, local communities, and sustainable development. It argues that traditional short-term mitigation is insufficient and proposes a shift toward 'coexistence' through integrated management involving monitoring, policy reform, and stakeholder engagement. The document provides case studies from regions such as Namibia, India, and Nepal to demonstrate how holistic approaches—including community-led monitoring, land-use planning, and innovative financing like 'Wildlife Credits'—can reduce conflict and support the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

The report finds that inland flooding represents the highest annual cost of climate change for Canadian infrastructure, with mid-range estimates between $5 billion and $8 billion per year. Proactive adaptation can significantly reduce costs for roads, rail, and the electrical grid, though it is less effective for permafrost thaw and inland flooding. The analysis highlights that while total costs are often concentrated in high-population areas like Ontario, specific geographic risks such as permafrost thaw disproportionately affect the three territories.

The Clean Air Task Force supports the SCALE Act, a bill introduced in the US House of Representatives to accelerate the deployment of CO2 transportation and storage infrastructure. The Act focuses on four areas: supporting carbon utilization technologies, providing low-interest loans and grants for transport infrastructure via the CIFIA program, expanding cost-sharing for commercial-scale saline geologic storage through the CarbonSAFE program, and increasing EPA funding for Class VI storage well permitting.

The Canadian Climate Institute states that Canada now has a credible climate plan aligned with its 2030 goals. The centerpiece is a carbon price increasing to $170/tonne by 2030, which the Institute argues minimizes overall economic costs while maintaining industrial competitiveness through production-based pricing. While the plan includes regulations for fuels, vehicles, and electricity, and supports low-carbon technologies, the Institute identifies a lack of a comprehensive national adaptation strategy as a remaining gap.

The Canadian Climate Institute asserts that Canada now possesses a credible climate plan capable of meeting its 2030 targets. The centerpiece of this strategy is a nationwide carbon price projected to reach $170/tonne by 2030, which the Institute claims minimizes overall economic costs while driving low-carbon innovation. The plan includes output-based pricing to maintain industrial competitiveness and quarterly rebates to ensure household affordability. While the document notes the inclusion of regulations for fuels, vehicles, and electricity, it identifies the lack of a national adaptation strategy as a current gap in the overall strategy.

The International Institute for Sustainable Development evaluates Canada's new climate plan, highlighting the carbon pricing trajectory, the commitment to a national adaptation plan, and CAD 15 billion in low-carbon economy investments. While acknowledging the plan as a 'good start', the statement emphasizes the need for further just transition policies, increased provincial ambition, and private sector investment to ensure national competitiveness in the global race to net zero.

The briefing argues that biological weapons remain a viable and rational strategic option for some states due to their low cost, potential for deniability, and asymmetric impact. It challenges the notion that these weapons are tactically useless or too risky to develop, noting that historical precedents and the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrate that leaders may prioritize state status or regime survival over the risks of blowback. The authors further contend that bioweapons programs are not always top-down initiatives and that current international norms, specifically the Biological Weapons Convention, lack the enforcement and verification mechanisms necessary to effectively stop such programs.

The Climate Change Performance Index 2021 finds that no country is currently on a path compliant with the Paris Agreement goals. While the EU improved its ranking to 16th place and countries like Sweden, the UK, and Denmark lead, major G20 emitters including the USA, Saudi Arabia, and Russia are rated 'very low'. The report highlights a divide between high-performing smaller nations and developing countries like Morocco, Chile, and India, and the lowest-performing fossil fuel producing nations.

The document highlights the escalating financial burden of climate change in Canada, noting that insured catastrophic losses from 2010 to 2019 were double those from 1983 to 2009. It emphasizes that 1.8 million Canadian homes face very high flood risks and calls for decisive investment in resilience to protect the economy, nature, and public health.

The document argues that Japan's large-scale biomass power generation, supported by the Feed-in Tariff (FIT) program, is not carbon neutral and causes deforestation and biodiversity loss in exporting regions like North America. It calls for a shift toward small-scale, local biomass systems and the exclusion of projects causing forest degradation from the FIT program.

The document defines natural infrastructure as managed natural systems designed to provide environmental and human benefits, such as wetlands and forests. It identifies a gap between early-stage valuation and actual project finance, suggesting that success depends on identifying specific drivers, lead beneficiaries, and securing catalyst funding. It recommends that funders support targeted research, performance metrics, and pre-development efforts to scale these investments.

The Climate Action Tracker reports that net zero pledges announced by November 2020 could limit global warming to 2.1°C by 2100, though current policies still track 0.8°C higher than this optimistic target. While the Paris Agreement has driven a 0.7°C decrease in real-world emissions projections since 2015, the report emphasizes that governments must strengthen 2030 nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and implementation plans to bridge the remaining gap to 1.5°C.

The Clean Air Task Force proposes a set of regulatory measures to reduce U.S. oil and gas methane emissions by 65% relative to 2012 levels by 2025. The plan focuses on seven key areas: frequent leak detection and repair (LDAR), replacing gas-driven pneumatic equipment with non-emitting alternatives, controlling storage tank emissions, minimizing well completion emissions, regulating compressors and dehydrators, reducing oil well venting and flaring, and minimizing maintenance venting. The analysis suggests these measures would reduce 2025 emissions by 7.8 million metric tons of methane compared to current policies, equivalent to 680 million metric tons of CO2-equivalent over a 20-year horizon.

The 2020 report outlines the progress of the WHO-Civil Society Working Group, highlighting its role in advocating for a 'healthy recovery' from COVID-19 and placing health at the center of UNFCCC dialogues. Key achievements include a mobilization of over 40 million health professionals, the delivery of a health-focused webinar for students in Portugal, and the initiation of a literature review to update research gaps in climate and health. The group aims to further align health civil society efforts leading up to COP26 in Glasgow.

The document argues that Canada must prioritize climate adaptation through increased public funding, intergovernmental coordination, and enhanced transparency of climate risks to redirect investments toward resilience.

The report urges Canada to dramatically increase public investment in climate adaptation, establish a coordinated governance approach across all levels of government, and enhance the transparency of economic and social climate risks to better inform investment and planning decisions.

The report highlights a significant lack of transparency in Canada's reporting of fossil fuel subsidies, particularly regarding foregone revenue. It advocates for the use of the WTO definition of subsidies and the 'revenue foregone' method to accurately quantify tax expenditures and royalty subsidies, which the authors argue are essential for informed policy-making and meeting international climate goals.

The policy brief examines the restart of WTO agriculture negotiations under Chair Gloria Abraham Peralta, identifying seven key negotiating areas and the political obstacles hindering progress. It highlights the impact of COVID-19 on food export restrictions and the ongoing tension between developed and developing nations over farm subsidies and market access. The author suggests a phased approach to negotiations, identifying 'low-hanging fruit' such as humanitarian food aid exemptions and transparency improvements, while proposing compromise frameworks for domestic support and public stockholding to foster more equitable global food markets.