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This situation report from the Institute for Security Studies provides an update on the military and political progress in Burundi as of March 2004, focusing on the implementation of the November 2003 cease-fire agreement and the potential for a United Nations peacekeeping mission to succeed the African Union's Mission in Burundi (AMIB).

This briefing by the Institute for Security Studies details the outcomes of two peace sessions held in Pretoria in October and November 2003. These sessions facilitated agreements between the Transitional Government of Burundi (TGoB) and the rebel Forces for the Defence of Democracy-Forces for Defence of Democracy (CNDD-FDD) on political and security power sharing, leading to a Global Ceasefire Agreement on 16 November 2003.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies examines the intersection of anti-personnel landmines and the development of peacekeeping standby forces in Africa. It analyzes the operational challenges posed by landmines in irregular African conflicts, the progress of the Ottawa Convention across the continent, and the specific legislative and policy frameworks adopted by South Africa and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) to combat mine proliferation.

This April 2003 briefing by the Institute for Security Studies describes the severe humanitarian and political crisis in Burundi. It details the impact of prolonged conflict since 1993, including massive internal displacement, refugee crises in Tanzania, and a fragile food security situation exacerbated by drought. The document argues that humanitarian deterioration and political instability are mutually reinforcing, with peace prospects hindered by elite power struggles and the lack of a comprehensive ceasefire.

The report details a severe decline in Burundi's peace process by February 2003, marked by the FDD's suspension of talks, the failure of the December 2002 cease-fire, and a growing movement to dismantle the existing political system. It warns that the mandatory transition of the presidency on 1 May 2003 could lead to chaos due to a lack of national consensus and the incomplete integration of security forces.

This research paper by Nandile Ngubentombi examines South Africa's foreign policy toward Swaziland and Zimbabwe, focusing on the use of 'quiet diplomacy' and 'persuasive diplomacy' to address political crises and human rights abuses. The author analyzes why South Africa's approach differs between the two nations, noting that while both suffer from tyrannical leadership and political suppression, Zimbabwe's larger economic scale makes its instability a greater regional threat, whereas Swaziland's smaller size results in less regional concern despite its absolute monarchy.

This research paper analyzes South Africa's foreign policy toward Zimbabwe from 1994 to 2002, arguing that Zimbabwe has been of marginal interest to Pretoria despite deep historical, economic, and security links. The author identifies three phases of policy: an initial lack of specific policy, a period of brinkmanship and frustration (1994–1999), and a subsequent 'twin-track' approach of constructive engagement and containment starting in 2000. The paper highlights the economic devastation in Zimbabwe following the lapse of a 1964 Customs Agreement and the failure of the two nations to establish a cohesive regional security mechanism within SADC.

President Nelson Mandela's address at the Kosovo, Africa and Humanitarian Intervention Conference, delivered on 25 August 2000, discusses the disparity in international willingness to intervene in conflicts in Africa compared to Kosovo and emphasizes the need for global accountability and dialogue to prevent human rights violations.

This research paper assesses Western efforts to develop African peacekeeping capabilities in the late 1990s, specifically focusing on the 'P-3 Initiative' (US, UK, and France) and Danish contributions. The authors argue that while these capacity-building programs provide tangible training and equipment, they are primarily driven by Western domestic political desires to avoid direct military or financial involvement in African conflicts. The document also details the institutional, financial, and operational limitations of African regional bodies like the OAU, SADC, and ECOWAS in managing peace and security independently.

This research paper analyzes the transition of the US-led African Crisis Response Force (ACRF) into the African Crisis Response Initiative (ACRI) in 1997. It examines the ACRI's focus on long-term capacity-building through military training for African battalions to enhance peacekeeping interoperability, while critiquing the initiative's lack of coordination with the OAU and UN, its reliance on US military doctrine, and the absence of a clear mechanism for deploying the trained forces.

This case study examines a capacity development programme titled “The Economics of Adaptation, Water Security and Climate Resilient Development in Africa,” which ran from January 2013 to November 2015. The initiative aimed to equip senior government planners in eight African countries with the skills to integrate climate resilience into national investment programmes and establish professional networks.

The 'Regional Research Call – Africa START' document outlines a funding initiative managed by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) to support research on 'Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security' across Africa. The program focuses on the sustainability of ecosystem services, aiming to provide policy-relevant research, build regional research capacity, and facilitate knowledge sharing. The call is co-financed by the US National Science Foundation and the Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) programme.

This report by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) examines the intersection of economic growth and climate change, specifically focusing on the needs of developing countries. It argues for 'climate compatible development'—a strategy that minimizes climate harm while maximizing human development opportunities. The document outlines ten propositions, asserting that while growth is an imperative for poverty reduction in poor nations, it must be transitioned toward low-carbon models to be sustainable. It emphasizes the need for national strategies, the leveraging of private finance, and the creation of political consensus to manage the disruptive shifts in global production and markets caused by climate policy.

This learning brief details the outcomes and lessons from the Water, Climate and Development Programme for Africa (WACDEP) capacity development component, which ran from August 2012 to September 2015. The programme aimed to enhance the ability of government planners and technical officers in eight African countries to integrate water security and climate resilience into national development planning through the identification of 'no/low regret' investments.

The Healthy NDC Scorecard is a visual tool designed to evaluate whether national climate commitments (NDCs) are sufficient to protect human health, measuring them against the Paris Agreement and science-aligned targets.

The Resilient Agriculture Innovations for Nature (RAIN) challenge is a joint initiative by the Global Resilience Partnership (GRP) and Shockwave Foundation to identify and scale nature-positive agricultural innovations in East Africa. The program provides selected entrepreneurs and organizations with mentoring, leadership training, communications support, and funding of up to 50,000 USD to make their projects 'funding-ready' for private investors.

The Resilient Agriculture Innovations for Nature (RAIN) challenge is a joint initiative by the Global Resilience Partnership (GRP) and Munich Re Foundation to identify and scale innovative, nature-positive agricultural solutions in East Africa. The program provides selected not-for-profit organizations with mentoring, leadership training, and financial support to make their initiatives 'funding-ready' for private investors and donors.

This fact sheet from the International Institute for Sustainable Development lists the top 15 tea-producing countries in 2016, referencing data from the FAO and other sources regarding harvest areas and Voluntary Sustainability Standard (VSS) compliance.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development analyzes the global tea market, focusing on the growth of Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS) and the potential for expanding sustainable production in Low Human Development Countries (LHDCs). It examines production trends, trade flows, and the systemic challenges facing the tea industry, such as climate change and inequitable wealth distribution.

This report by the Institute for Security Studies provides development forecasts for sub-Saharan Africa up to 2043. It compares a 'Current Path' scenario—based on existing policies and historical patterns—against eleven sectoral scenarios and a 'Combined Agenda 2063' scenario. The analysis focuses on demographics, economic growth, extreme poverty, health, and carbon emissions, highlighting the potential for significant improvements in GDP per capita and poverty reduction if integrated policy goals are achieved.