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The report identifies a widening gap between coal capacity and generation, particularly in China and India, where new plants are built as 'system insurance' while renewables displace coal in actual output. Globally, the coal pipeline is narrowing geographically, with 95% of construction concentrated in China and India. However, the report notes a significant slowdown in retirements in the U.S. and EU due to policy interventions and energy security concerns. Regional analyses highlight Indonesia's growth in captive coal for industrial processing, the U.S.'s political push to sustain aging plants, and the EU's structural shift toward a coal-free system. The document also examines the impact of the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism on the Western Balkans and the challenges of rebuilding Ukraine's energy system.

The COP30 Resilience Hub Report details the outcomes of the climate summit in Belém, Brazil, highlighting a mix of incremental progress and persistent gaps in adaptation finance and implementation. Key achievements include the adoption of 59 indicators for the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA), a political commitment to triple adaptation finance by 2035, and the establishment of a Global Just Transition Mechanism. The report also showcases Peru's national resilience model, which integrates Indigenous governance and a comprehensive 'Country Package for forests and nature'. However, it notes significant misalignments between short-term political/financial cycles and long-term climate risks, and emphasizes that less than 1% of climate finance currently reaches Indigenous peoples and local communities.

The EU is establishing Strategic Partnerships with 14 countries to secure critical minerals for its 2050 climate neutrality goal. Global Witness argues that these deals prioritize resource access over social and environmental governance, citing specific risks in Serbia, Rwanda, Australia, Argentina, Uzbekistan, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The author calls for the EU to implement stringent safeguards and transparent 'Roadmaps' to ensure the energy transition does not perpetuate human rights abuses or environmental destruction.

Between 2021 and 2023, mining for copper, cobalt, lithium, and nickel was linked to 334 incidents of violence or protest across 19 top-producing countries, averaging 111 per year. Nearly 90% of these events occurred in emerging and developing economies, while the majority of production is controlled by companies from advanced economies and major consumer countries, primarily China. The report warns that social unrest is likely to increase as production is forecast to spike by 2028 to meet climate goals, potentially destabilizing supply chains and increasing costs for renewable technologies.

Global Witness calls for the Colombian government to ratify the Escazú Agreement, noting that 322 land and environmental defenders were killed in Colombia over the last 10 years. The statement highlights the Agreement's role in requiring governments to prevent and investigate attacks on defenders and notes that while Colombia signed the treaty in December 2019, ratification remains pending. It identifies the government of Gustavo Petro and the work of civil society organisations like Somos Defensores as key drivers for potential progress in protecting human rights defenders.

The report documents a pattern of forced evictions, illegal chemical fumigations, and the criminalization of land defenders in eastern Paraguay, driven by the expansion of industrial soy production. It identifies US traders ADM, Cargill, and Bunge as primary conduits, linking these abuses to European meat processors 2 Sisters and Danish Crown. The document argues that voluntary sustainability initiatives and 'mass balance' certification schemes are insufficient to prevent the import of 'tainted' soy into the EU and UK, and calls for mandatory human rights due diligence legislation.

The document criticizes the influence of fossil fuel lobbyists and petrostates on the UN's Global Plastics Treaty negotiations, specifically at INC-5. It highlights how oil-producing nations have blocked agreements to curtail plastic production as the industry seeks new markets for petroleum products. The text details the environmental and health impacts of plastic, including greenhouse gas emissions, flooding in Mumbai and Indonesia, and toxic pollution in Alberta, Canada. It calls for the 2025 INC-5.2 session to establish specific global reduction targets and ensure the inclusion of Indigenous and civil society voices.

The document highlights a critical gap between Mexico's ratification of the Escazú Agreement and the reality of escalating violence against environmental defenders and journalists. It notes that Mexico had the highest number of defender killings globally in 2021 and criticizes the government for undermining civic space, failing to provide specialized environmental courts, and bypassing consultation standards for megaprojects like the Mayan Train. The author calls for a comprehensive state strategy to ensure a safe environment for defenders and the adherence to international standards for environmental justice.

The report finds that all forecast capital expenditure in new oil and gas fields is incompatible with limiting global warming to 1.5°C. It warns that relying on unproven carbon capture and removal technologies to justify continued investment increases the risk of a 'disorderly transition' and systemic financial instability, potentially leading to global economic losses of $23 trillion per year if the world fails to transition.

Global Witness argues that UNEA-6 missed a critical opportunity to regulate the mining industry for the energy transition. While a digital knowledge hub for environmental protection was established, the final resolution removed mandates for assessing regulations, tackling human rights violations, and addressing colonial extraction patterns due to resistance from several Member States. The document also highlights a lack of action on resource overconsumption by wealthy nations and calls for the UN and upcoming COP meetings in Azerbaijan and Brazil to prioritize a just energy transition and Indigenous rights.

Global Witness and 144 NGOs have called on Brazil's Foreign Minister, Mauro Vieira, to ratify the Escazú Agreement. The letter argues that ratification is essential to protect land and environmental defenders, particularly in the Brazilian Amazon, where Global Witness reports the highest number of defender deaths globally between 2012 and 2021. The agreement aims to guarantee access to environmental information, public participation in decision-making, and access to justice in environmental matters across Latin America and the Caribbean.

The document highlights that 322 land and environmental defenders have been killed in Colombia over the last ten years, alongside numerous non-lethal attacks such as threats and criminalization. It argues that the ratification of the Escazú Agreement—the first regional treaty for Latin America and the Caribbean on human rights and the environment—is essential to mandate the prevention and investigation of attacks against defenders. While noting that countries like Mexico, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile, and Argentina have already ratified the agreement, it points to the government of Gustavo Petro and initiatives like the 'Somos Defensores' program and its emergency plan as reasons for optimism in establishing a safe environment for environmental participation.

The document highlights the critical situation of environmental defenders in Mexico, noting that the country led the world in environmental murders in 2021. Despite ratifying the Escazú Agreement, Mexico faces significant gaps in political will, judicial capacity, and transparency, particularly regarding megaproyects like the Tren Maya. The author calls for the effective implementation of the agreement to protect activists and ensure access to environmental information and justice.

The document provides a directory of administrative bodies associated with the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research, detailing the chairs, members, and charter dates for groups such as the Data Policy Task Force and the Fund Raising Working Group.

The IAI will support the Belmont Forum's Pathways to Sustainability CRA through network building, capacity building in transdisciplinary approaches, and coordination of in-kind resources from its 19 member Parties in the Americas, despite providing no direct funding for this phase.

The document outlines a project to address fragmented climate, environment, and health data in Argentina by designing a Minimum Viable Product (MVP) for a digital platform based on FAIR principles. While Argentina has high data availability, the project found moderate compliance with FAIR standards, particularly in interoperability and reuse. The initiative involved a transdisciplinary team that co-developed 173 indicators aligned with international frameworks to better identify vulnerable populations and support equity-focused public policies.

The document outlines the creation of the PladCAS platform in Argentina to address the fragmentation of climate, environment, and health (CAS) data. By applying FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) and a transdisciplinary approach involving government, academia, and civil society, the project mapped 84 data sources and co-constructed 173 indicators. The goal is to improve evidence-based decision-making and the visibility of vulnerable populations to better address climate change impacts on health.

The document argues that traditional vector control is insufficient and advocates for a transdisciplinary approach that combines climate science with community co-creation to anticipate outbreaks and improve the sustainability of prevention policies in vulnerable urban areas.

The document examines how climate change expands dengue transmission in Latin America and evaluates the institutional capacity of health systems in Argentina and Guatemala to respond. It argues that technical capacity alone is insufficient without systemic coordination, local adaptation, and community integration.

The document examines how climate change expands dengue transmission in Latin America and evaluates the institutional capacity of health systems in Argentina and Guatemala to respond. It argues that technical capacity alone is insufficient without systemic integration, inter-institutional coordination, and territorial differentiation. Key findings highlight a paradox where high technical training does not prevent high dengue incidence if responses remain fragmented, while lower-capacity areas face increased risks due to personnel shortages and limited knowledge of severe dengue.