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This report examines the challenges of fuel oil subsidies and the lack of a strategic pricing mechanism in Bangladesh. It highlights how government control over oil prices, driven by political considerations, creates financial burdens for the state and the Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (BPC), potentially hindering the country's goal of achieving 8% GDP growth.

This report examines the financial subsidies and externalities associated with coal use in China and evaluates how these subsidies hinder the growth of renewable energy.

This report examines the cost-effectiveness of biomass power deployment subsidies in Germany and the United Kingdom, aiming to develop a multi-criteria framework for evaluating renewable energy subsidies by considering all costs and potential benefits.

This research paper examines the implementation of the Direct Benefit Transfer for liquefied petroleum gas (DBTL) in the Mysore district of Karnataka, India, based on interviews conducted in October 2013.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) assesses a pilot program for Direct Benefit Transfer of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) subsidies in the Mysore district of India. Based on surveys and focus groups conducted in October 2013, the report finds that the scheme faced significant administrative hurdles, caused financial instability for poor households, and led some users to return to biomass fuels, ultimately resulting in the program's suspension by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas on January 30, 2014.

This document is an addendum to the report 'Biofuels—At What Cost? A review of costs and benefits of EU biofuel policies', published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) in August 2013. The addendum provides corrected 2011 estimates for EU biofuel subsidies, specifically revising the figures for fuel excise tax exemptions, and details the calculation methodologies used for budgetary support and market price support.

This commentary analyzes a May 6, 2013, World Trade Organization (WTO) Appellate Body ruling regarding renewable energy generation measures in a dispute involving Canada (Ontario), Japan, and the European Union. The author argues that the ruling failed to provide necessary legal clarification on WTO rules for sustainable energy and may have created a problematic carve-out of the subsidy agreement, concluding that WTO members rather than the Appellate Body should define the boundaries for renewable energy support.

The report by the Global Subsidy Initiative (GSI) identifies and estimates government support for upstream oil and gas production in Norway, specifically analyzing nine subsidies and their impacts on revenue, employment, and carbon emissions.

This review examines the availability and consistency of data regarding subsidies for electricity generation across nuclear, fossil fuel, and renewable energy technologies, concluding that there is a significant lack of robust national estimates.

A briefing from Friends of the Earth arguing that a congressional super committee can reduce the US deficit without harming the environment by eliminating subsidies for polluting industries and implementing a carbon tax.

This policy brief discusses the need for a common methodology to measure national irrigation subsidies and presents the results of a case study applying the Net Cost to the Supplier approach in Spain.

This document is an introductory text for a 2010 report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) that aims to quantify government support for ethanol and biodiesel within the European Union since 2007.

A glossary of terms related to biofuels, focusing on definitions of fuel types, the role of corn ethanol in the United States, and the financial mechanisms and lobbying efforts surrounding ethanol production.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the extent and cost-effectiveness of government support for the ethanol and biodiesel industries in Australia. It analyzes various subsidies, including excise tax rebates, capital grants, and research funding, concluding that the level of assistance is high relative to other industries and often fails to deliver cost-effective greenhouse gas reductions or energy security compared to alternative policy options.

This report by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) and Greenpeace analyzes the tensions between international trade rules, primarily those of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and the conservation of global fisheries. It argues that current trade interpretations often hinder sustainable fisheries management by prohibiting regulations based on production and processing methods (PPMs). The authors propose a framework to integrate the precautionary approach into trade law, eliminate destructive subsidies, and ensure that investment liberalization does not undermine the ability of states to protect marine resources and traditional fishing communities.

This executive summary from the Global Climate and Health Alliance (GCHA) details the comprehensive health and social burdens associated with the entire lifecycle of fossil fuels—from extraction to disposal. It argues that the health impacts are systemic, persistent, and disproportionately affect marginalized communities, necessitating a rapid and just transition to clean, renewable energy to prevent millions of premature deaths and mitigate the climate crisis.

This report outlines the methodology used by Ember to estimate the annual subsidies required to deploy Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) at the Drax biomass power station. It details the calculation of Reference and Strike Prices for a dual-Contract for Difference (CfD) covering both electricity (CfDe) and carbon (CfDc), while noting the high degree of uncertainty due to a lack of commercial-scale power-BECCS projects.

This report analyzes the 'true cost' of electricity generation in Indonesia, finding that coal is significantly more expensive than renewable energy when subsidies and externalities (air pollution and CO2 emissions) are included. While coal subsidies were estimated at USD 644.8 million in 2015 (likely an underestimate), renewable subsidies totaled USD 132.8 million. Despite a projected slight decline in coal's share of the primary energy mix by 2050, total consumption growth implies a large expansion in coal production, including a near-term plan for 20 GW of new coal capacity.

This briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and the Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW) analyzes how the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India affected the costs and subsidies of solar photovoltaic (PV) and coal-fired thermal power. The analysis finds that the GST has created a relative bias in favor of coal by increasing the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for new solar PV plants while reducing variable costs for existing coal plants.

This fact sheet from the International Institute for Sustainable Development argues that renewable energy is more cost-effective than coal in Indonesia when externalities are considered and highlights the disparity in subsidies between the two energy sources.