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The document details the 'externalities' of fossil fuels—costs not reflected in market prices—across climate, environmental, and health dimensions. It highlights significant U.S. impacts, including $606.9 billion in extreme weather costs (2016-2020) and 350,000 premature deaths in 2018. It also emphasizes the disproportionate burden on communities of color and low-income areas, such as 'Cancer Alley' in Louisiana. Proposed policy solutions include eliminating subsidies, increasing the social cost of carbon, implementing a federal clean electricity standard, and establishing carbon pricing.

The document provides a comprehensive synthesis of the 2018 Global Sustainable Blue Economy Conference's Science and Research Symposium. It argues that a sustainable blue economy—defined as the productive and sustainable use of oceans, seas, lakes, and rivers—must be grounded in multidisciplinary science and public-private partnerships. Key focus areas include the sustainable extraction of deep-sea minerals, the mitigation of climate change through blue carbon ecosystems (mangroves, seagrasses, and seaweed), and the modernization of maritime transport through AI and robotics. The report emphasizes the need for capacity building in the Global South, particularly in Africa, and proposes the establishment of a Global Blue Economy Investment Facility to mobilize finance and technology transfer.

The report finds that Spanish supermarkets are failing to address the sustainability of their aquaculture supply chains, with none setting targets to eliminate wild fish from feed. It highlights the ecological damage caused by the production of Fish Meal and Fish Oil (FMFO) in regions like Peru and West Africa and criticizes the industry's reliance on certifications as a substitute for genuine sustainability.

The proposal seeks USD 47.4 million to upgrade National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) from WMO Category 1 to Category 2 across five Pacific island nations. The programme focuses on strengthening observation networks, establishing ocean information services, improving community preparedness through 'last-mile' communication, and introducing Forecast-based Financing (FbF).

The authors contend that the ocean is a critical but overlooked factor in global health, security, and economic stability. They highlight how climate change drives systemic risks—including sea-level rise, extreme weather, and collapsing fisheries—while asserting that sustainable ocean-based industries like offshore wind and seaweed harvesting can facilitate a transition to a cleaner economy. The text calls for multilateral collaboration and science-based management to ensure the resilience of marine ecosystems and human populations.

The Green Climate Fund (GCF) emphasizes the critical role of coral reefs in climate resilience and mitigation, noting that 1.5°C of warming could cause a 70-90% decline in reefs. The GCF highlights the 'widening financing gap' for these ecosystems and supports the Global Fund for Coral Reefs' goal of using blended finance to catalyze private investment for vulnerable countries, including SIDS and LDCs. The GCF cites its Blue Action Fund project in the Western Indian Ocean as an example of its current investment in marine ecosystems.

The report identifies key climate vulnerabilities on Amatuku Islet, highlighting critical issues in water security, coastal stabilization, and income security. It employs a multi-criteria analysis to align local 'lived' experiences with technical 'learned' perspectives, concluding that inadequate household water tank capacity and limited coastal stabilization infrastructure are the highest priorities for national and local adaptation efforts.

The paper argues that traditional GDP-based metrics are insufficient for managing ocean economies because they ignore natural capital sustainability and social equity. It proposes the 'Ocean Accounts Framework' as a holistic alternative that integrates environmental, social, and economic data. To implement this in Africa, the authors suggest a roadmap involving cross-sectoral data sharing, international collaboration, and pilot studies in coastal regions to build human capacity and assess applicability.

The document analyzes how environmental degradation, the pursuit of civilian nuclear power, and geopolitical tensions—primarily involving China—intersect to create instability in the South China Sea region. It highlights the vulnerability of Indonesia and the Philippines to sea-level rise and extreme weather, their efforts to establish nuclear energy frameworks via IAEA guidance, and the internal threat posed by ISIL-affiliated extremists. The report argues that these converging risks, combined with hegemonic competition between the U.S. and China, threaten regional stability.

Dr Masao Ishii, an author for the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, utilizes specific observations from Japan's coastal sites and the western North Pacific—such as sea level rise, sea surface temperature, and acidity—to illustrate the connection between local experiences and the global climate system. He notes that presenting these regional examples helps audiences grasp the complexity and uncertainty of future projections. Furthermore, engaging with a diverse audience, including the general public and climate skeptics via platforms like YouTube and Slido, has prompted him to broaden his own knowledge and consider the varied implications of climate data for different stakeholders.

The report analyzes a May 2018 survey of 1,257 American adolescents to determine how they learn about climate change, their level of scientific understanding, and their emotional responses to the issue. Key findings indicate that while a large majority of teens recognize climate change is happening and trust NASA scientists, their understanding of the underlying science is often incomplete. Social media and television are the most common general news sources, while science teachers are the most frequent source of climate-specific information. The report also highlights a significant level of worry among teens, with many believing their generation will suffer more harm than their parents' generation and feeling that adults are not doing enough to protect them.

The report asserts that Australia's climate policies and fossil fuel exports are causing the deterioration of the Great Barrier Reef's Outstanding Universal Value (OUV). It argues that Australia is failing its obligations under the World Heritage Convention by not pursuing a well-below-1.5°C pathway and relying on 'legally baseless' carryover credits to meet emissions targets. The document calls for the Great Barrier Reef to be inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger and for the Australian government to phase out fossil fuel production and exports.

The document is a transcript of a briefing featuring experts from the U.S. House Committee on Natural Resources and the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources. It examines the devastating impacts of Hurricanes Irma and Maria, as well as recent earthquakes in Puerto Rico, highlighting the vulnerability of the electric grid and coastal infrastructure. The speakers argue that while Congress has approved significant funding for recovery and resilience, bureaucratic delays in federal agencies like HUD and FEMA have stalled the disbursement of these resources. The briefing emphasizes the effectiveness of nature-based solutions, such as coral reef restoration, for wave attenuation and coastal protection, while noting that traditional cost-benefit analysis tools often favor short-term returns over long-term resilient infrastructure.

The document examines the postponement of critical 2020 ocean governance negotiations due to COVID-19, highlighting the urgent need for integrated climate and biodiversity action to prevent marine ecosystem collapse.

The document details the impacts of climate change on Alaskan coastal communities, highlighting the synergy between thawing permafrost and decreasing sea ice that accelerates shoreline erosion. It emphasizes the high financial cost of community relocation and the critical need for integrating indigenous knowledge with western science. The briefing also discusses the role of regional partnerships, such as the Aleutian Bering Sea Initiative, in managing marine mammals and improving domain awareness, while identifying significant barriers to resilience, including inadequate elevation data, limited telecommunications, and a lack of central coordinating authority for adaptation.

The document argues that climate change is driving a decline in global fisheries and disrupting ocean ecosystems, which threatens biodiversity and the livelihoods of billions of people. It calls on U.S. leaders and presidential candidates to prioritize the protection of fisheries and oceans within their climate strategies to prevent further loss of food sources and economic stability.

The document outlines proposed oil and gas exploration activities by a joint venture (Africa Oil SA Corp, Ricocure (Pty) Ltd, and Azinam Limited) in Block 3B/4B off South Africa's west coast. It details the planned drilling of up to five wells, the associated logistics involving ports and helicopters, and the potential environmental and social risks. Key concerns include impacts on marine biodiversity, noise pollution, disruptions to fishing and tourism livelihoods, and the contribution of fossil fuel expansion to the climate crisis. Conversely, it notes potential short-term economic gains and job creation. The guide provides a timeline for the EIA process and instructions for the public to submit comments by 8 February 2024.

The document details how human-induced climate change is altering ocean chemistry and temperature, leading to acidification, oxygen loss, and rising sea levels that threaten African coastal communities and marine biodiversity. It highlights the melting of high-mountain glaciers in East Africa, affecting water security and increasing landslide risks. The guide emphasizes that urgent greenhouse gas emission reductions are the primary way to limit these damages, while early investment in disaster risk reduction and nature-based solutions, such as 'blue carbon' ecosystems, can reduce future costs and enhance resilience.

The REASAP 2020–2028 is a strategic framework for Saint Lucia designed to safeguard biodiversity and ecosystem services against climate change. It comprises 58 prioritized measures categorized by urgency into short-term (2020–2023), medium-term (2023–2026), and long-term (2026–2028) implementation phases. The plan focuses on strengthening policy frameworks, enhancing research, increasing public awareness, scaling up ecosystem protection, addressing degradation drivers, and accelerating ecosystem-based solutions. The strategy is critical as the cost of climate inaction in Saint Lucia is projected to reach 12.1% of GDP by 2025 and 49.1% by 2100. Funding is expected to come from national and international sources, including climate finance for ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA), and potential revenue from regulatory functions such as user fees and licenses.

Sivan Kartha warns that failing to address the climate crisis could lead to a catastrophic 5-degree Celsius increase in global temperatures, comparable in scale to the transition out of the last Ice Age. He asserts that while the technology and finance to avoid this exist, they are concentrated among the wealthiest 10% of the population. Kartha concludes that the only practical path to net-zero emissions is for the most privileged to lead the reduction and support the rest of the world in doing the same.