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This briefing outlines the economic case for investing in natural capital, demonstrating that nature-based solutions in forests, wetlands, and food systems provide returns ranging from 6.8 to 51 times the investment. It highlights that such investments could provide over 50% of the cost-effective mitigation needed for a 2°C pathway and significantly reduce climate-related losses in developing countries, despite current financial flows remaining misaligned and skewed toward harmful environmental subsidies.

FSD Africa and FirstRand have partnered to integrate the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) principles into Africa's financial sector to address financing shortfalls for natural capital and manage nature-related risks.

This report by Transforma provides a comprehensive guide for the financial sector to integrate nature-related risks and opportunities into business models. It identifies four primary barriers—undervaluation of nature, regulatory gaps, challenges in nature-based financing, and a knowledge gap—and proposes strategies to overcome them. A significant portion of the document is dedicated to detailing the 'Locate' phase of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) LEAP approach, offering a roadmap for financial institutions to identify the geographical and sectoral intersections of their portfolios with the natural environment.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics argues that nature and ecosystem services provide immense economic value, often exceeding the gains from their exploitation, and that the costs of biodiversity loss pose systemic risks to global GDP and financial stability.

This case study describes FSD Africa's initiative to integrate the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) framework into the African financial sector. The program focuses on building institutional capacity, advocating for an 'African voice' in global disclosure standards, and piloting the framework with FirstRand to ensure it is fit for the local context.

This policy brief examines natural capital trends in Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Trinidad and Tobago from 1995 to 2020, highlighting a general failure in management and a decline or stagnation in per capita market natural capital stocks since 2008.

This report analyzes the comprehensive wealth of Trinidad and Tobago from 1995 to 2020, arguing that while GDP growth suggests sound development, the nation's overall wealth portfolio indicates an unsustainable path due to an overreliance on the petroleum industry.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) advocates for the use of "comprehensive wealth"—a measure of natural, human, social, produced, and financial capital—to complement GDP in measuring national progress and guiding decision-making for long-term well-being. The report analyzes data from 1995 to 2020 for Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Trinidad and Tobago to demonstrate insights into development paths that are not apparent through GDP alone.

This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines natural capital trends in Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Trinidad and Tobago from 1995 to 2020. It argues that relying on GDP as a measure of progress masks the depletion of natural assets and advocates for the use of comprehensive or inclusive wealth (C/IW) metrics to ensure sustainable development.

This research paper examines the critical need to phase out or repurpose agricultural subsidies that harm biodiversity, as mandated by Target 18 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). It highlights the paradox where food systems rely on biodiversity but are the primary drivers of its loss, and provides case studies from the United Kingdom, India, and Brazil to illustrate how public funding can be redirected toward sustainable land management and climate resilience.

This T20 policy brief argues that the global green transition is becoming unstable and incoherent due to a 'polycrisis' of interlinked challenges. It proposes that the G20 establish a multilateral framework for 'structural green transition policies'—defined as systemic, long-lasting, and general-purpose reforms—to coordinate investment, reduce policy risk, and provide concessional financing, particularly for the Global South.

Minutes from the Green Economy Coalition (GEC) Steering Group meeting on December 14, 2022, reviewing the 2022 work plan and establishing priorities for 2023. The meeting focused on the transition to a new social contract and green deal framework, the conclusion of the Economics for Nature programme, and the urgent need for hub funding and improved impact reporting.

This final evaluation report details the activities and impacts of the Economics for Nature (E4N) partnership from 2018 to 2022. E4N, a collaboration between the Green Economy Coalition (GEC), Capitals Coalition, Green Growth Knowledge Partnership (GGKP), and WWF France, aimed to integrate natural capital into national green economy planning and economic decision-making to shift toward 'nature-positive economies'.

The Rabobank Acorn Agroforestry Carbon Programme, supported by FSD Africa, utilizes a technology-enabled marketplace for carbon sequestration to provide financial sustainability for smallholder farmers in Africa transitioning to agroforestry. The program leverages carbon credits as Payment for Ecological Services (PES) to monetize natural capital, with pilot phase activities including the disbursement of carbon loans and technical training in Zambia, Kenya, and Nigeria.

The report argues that G20 countries must move beyond GDP as the primary measure of national progress to ensure an inclusive economic recovery and effective climate action. It proposes a stock-flow approach to measuring wellbeing that incorporates economic, environmental, social, and human factors, emphasizing that long-term wellbeing is determined by a portfolio of inclusive wealth rather than market income.

This briefing paper by FSD Africa examines the necessity and mechanisms for mobilising private finance to preserve and restore natural capital across Africa. It identifies a significant annual financing gap of over $100 billion and proposes a 'triple bottom line' investment approach focusing on landscape financing, restorative agriculture, and sustainable supply chains. The document outlines the roles of various stakeholders, including central banks, international development partners, and impact investors, in creating a 'natural capital aligned' investor base through green bonds, carbon credits, and specialist funds.

This report by FSD Africa provides a first quantitative risk assessment and stress-testing framework for financial institutions in Africa to evaluate nature-related opportunities and risks. Using the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) LEAP approach, the study analyzes the impact of nature loss and nature-positive transitions on equity and lending portfolios across several African countries and private banks. It highlights that while aggregate portfolio impacts may appear small due to limited direct exposure, the risks are material for nature-intensive sectors like agriculture and extractives, where nature-related risks could double expected credit losses by 2030.

This research paper by the Green Economy Coalition proposes a structural agenda for a green economic recovery from COVID-19. It defines green structural reforms as systemic, long-lasting, and general-purpose interventions, contrasting them with short-term stimulus measures. The document provides a nested framework of ten high-level reform measures and a comprehensive set of prioritisation criteria (conventional, advanced, and systemic/political) to help governments move beyond emergency triage toward long-term socio-ecological transformation.

The FSD Africa Impact Report 2022 details the agency's efforts to transform financial markets in Africa, specifically through its 2021–2025 green strategy. The report highlights the mobilization of £1.9 billion in long-term capital for sectors like housing and energy, the issuance of pioneering gender bonds, and the development of climate-resilient financial infrastructure to address the continent's vulnerability to climate change and economic shocks.

The FSD Africa Impact Report (2022) is an executive summary detailing the organization's performance under a strategy revised in early 2021. It highlights efforts to transform African financial markets through green bonds, local currency bond funds, climate resilience ventures, and natural capital initiatives, while also reporting on gender inclusivity and COVID-19 response measures.