Financial Capital in Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Trinidad and Tobago

The brief analyzes financial capital trends in Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Trinidad and Tobago between 1995 and 2020, noting that while financial capital generally contributes positively to total wealth, Ethiopia and Trinidad and Tobago saw an increase in liabilities over assets toward the end of the period. It recommends diversifying debt financing sources, particularly for Trinidad and Tobago, and improving public debt management and governance to ensure long-term resilience.

• Financial capital generally adds to the total wealth of the studied nations, with the exception of Indonesia. However, Ethiopia and Trinidad and Tobago experienced a shift toward accumulating more liabilities than assets near the end of the 1995-2020 study period.
• The authors argue that accumulating financial liabilities is not inherently a threat to long-term well-being, provided they are managed to optimize future returns. To increase financial resilience, the brief specifically recommends that Trinidad and Tobago diversify its sources of debt financing.

APA

Bizikova,, R. S. (2024). Financial Capital in Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Trinidad and Tobago. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/publications/brief/financial-capital-trends-policy-implications

Chicago

Bizikova,, Robert Smith,Livia. Financial Capital in Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Trinidad and Tobago. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2024. https://www.iisd.org/publications/brief/financial-capital-trends-policy-implications.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Bizikova, |first1=Robert Smith,Livia |title=Financial Capital in Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Trinidad and Tobago |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=23 May 2024 |url=https://www.iisd.org/publications/brief/financial-capital-trends-policy-implications |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{bizikova2024financial, author = {Bizikova,, Robert Smith,Livia}, title = {{Financial Capital in Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Trinidad and Tobago}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2024}, month = may, url = {https://www.iisd.org/publications/brief/financial-capital-trends-policy-implications}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }