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This policy brief summarizes a UK Partnering for Accelerated Climate Transitions (UK PACT) project report on advancing non-motorized transport in Indonesia, utilizing a case study of Medan to identify barriers and provide recommendations for increasing active mobility to combat road congestion, air pollution, and health issues.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative examines the climate finance gap for Least Developed Countries (LDCs), highlighting the inadequacy of debt-based financial mechanisms and proposing the use of highly concessional, grant-based capital and innovative risk-management tools to build resilience in the most vulnerable nations.

This guide provides a strategic playbook for concessional capital providers to mobilize investment in climate-smart agrifood systems. It identifies a significant financing gap—with global climate finance for the sector reaching only USD 95 billion in 2021/22—and proposes five 'investment plays' to address market failures. These strategies include system-level alignment with national goals, large-scale natural capital restoration, strengthening shared infrastructure, expanding technical assistance for innovation, and scaling local financial intermediaries. The document includes a four-step framework for investor action and detailed case studies of blended finance vehicles operating across Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

The Tanzania APRM Popular Sensitisation Project (TAPS) report, published by the South African Institute of International Affairs in June 2025, provides a comprehensive civil society analysis of ten governance issues in the United Republic of Tanzania. The document evaluates the country's progress and challenges regarding the union between Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar, constitutional reform, human rights, social protection, civic space, media freedom, youth empowerment, democratic inclusion, climate justice, and public financial management. It serves as a submission to inform the country's second Country Self-Assessment Report (CSAR) under the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM).

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative provides a baseline of climate finance flows in Nigeria for 2021/22, highlighting a significant gap between tracked investments and the funding required to meet the country's energy transition and infrastructure goals.

This guide from the World Resources Institute explains the concept of 'loss and damage' in the context of climate change, detailing the distinction between economic and non-economic losses, the history of UN negotiations, and the operationalization of the Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage (FRLD).

This research paper examines the role of interdisciplinarity and knowledge networking in the co-production of authoritative climate knowledge in Southern South America, specifically focusing on the Regional Climate Center for Southern South America (RCC-SSA).

This research paper examines the intersection of climate volatility and noncommunicable diseases, arguing that Peru should implement mitigation and adaptation policies that generate health co-benefits to improve both public health and the climate system.

This research paper analyzes the policies and financial mechanisms used to promote low-carbon agriculture in Brazil, focusing on the transition from the original ABC Plan to the more ambitious ABC+ Plan (RenovAgro). It examines the role of rural credit, the impact of new sustainability requirements introduced in 2023, and the challenges of monitoring technology adoption to ensure climate resilience.

This report identifies a 'triple gap' in planning, finance, and data for global agrifood systems. Despite these systems contributing one-third of global GHG emissions, they received less than 5% of total global climate finance (USD 28.5 billion annually) in 2019/20. Using top-down and bottom-up methodologies, the analysis reveals significant underestimations of funding needs by national governments and a general shortfall in global investment required to meet 1.5°C targets by 2050.

This policy brief examines the potential for carbon markets to provide finance for climate-resilient smallholder farmers in Africa. It argues that while carbon markets can fund climate-smart agricultural practices that improve soil health and food security, significant barriers—including strict credit requirements, high costs, and a lack of localized research—currently limit participation. The document calls for policymakers to move away from 'one-size-fits-all' regulations and instead prioritize frameworks that value non-carbon co-benefits like nutrition and economic development.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics examines the gap between climate finance pledges and the actual financial flows into Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). It highlights that while developed nations eventually met a USD 100 billion annual pledge in 2022, the LAC region remains severely underfunded relative to its climate vulnerability and the investment required to meet its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). The document emphasizes that most finance arrives as loans, exacerbating a regional debt crisis that hinders sustainable development.

This report describes the methodology used by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) to quantify and compare financial flows for land use with climate action components in Brazil for the period 2021-2023. It details the criteria for classifying finance into mitigation, adaptation, dual benefits, and loss and damage, while outlining the data sources and the 'Climate Finance Ecosystem' used to track public and private resources.

This policy brief by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) argues that carbon markets and the purchase of carbon offsets do not constitute legitimate climate finance. The document asserts that relying on these markets allows Global North countries and polluters to avoid their legal obligations to fund mitigation and adaptation in the Global South while perpetuating the fossil fuel economy.

This document provides the technical annexes for a report on climate finance needs for agrifood systems. It details a taxonomy developed by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and describes two methodologies used to estimate finance needs: a top-down approach based on a literature review of third-party reports and a bottom-up approach based on the analysis of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-RIO) analyzes climate finance for land use in Brazil from 2021 to 2023, focusing on agriculture and forests. It identifies a significant increase in annual average flows to US$ 17.1 billion, driven primarily by domestic private resources and rural credit. The document details the roles of various financial instruments, the impact of public policies like the Agricultural Plan and RENOVABIO, and the distribution of funds across mitigation, adaptation, and loss and damage objectives.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics examines the proposal to expand the contributor base for climate finance to include emerging economies. It argues that while some emerging countries already contribute voluntarily, mandating their contributions at the current rate of developed countries would only provide an additional USD 51.19 billion, which is approximately 5.12% of the estimated USD 1 trillion annual need for developing countries. The document emphasizes that developed countries must maintain primary responsibility and calls for clearer definitions of 'developed countries' and 'climate finance' during the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) negotiations at COP29.

This technical note details the methodology used by the NewClimate Institute for the State of Climate Action series to identify sectors requiring transformation, establish 1.5°C-aligned global mitigation targets for 2030, 2035, and 2050, and select indicators to monitor annual progress in greenhouse gas emission reductions and carbon removal.

This report, prepared by an Independent High-Level Expert Group (IHLEG) for the Brazilian G20 Presidency and the G20 Sustainable Finance Working Group, reviews the Vertical Climate and Environmental Funds (VCEFs). It assesses the current climate finance gap in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) and provides a strategic framework to optimize VCEF operations and enhance their ability to mobilize sustainable finance.

This policy brief examines the intersection of global environmental change (GEC) science and policy in the Americas. It argues that for science to effectively inform policy, it must move beyond academic excellence to prioritize credibility, practicality, usefulness, accessibility, and acceptability. The document emphasizes the need for early collaboration between scientists and policy-makers, the involvement of social scientists, and the reform of funding and reward systems to better align scientific research with societal needs and policy implementation.