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A submission by Sasol to Working Group 4 and a Subcommittee dated 9 March 2009 regarding proposed emission standards and the categorization of waste incinerators under the draft Section 21 of the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act in South Africa.

The document is a Pollution Prevention Plan (PPP) for Anglo American Coal South Africa (AACSA) covering the period from 2016 to 2020. It outlines the company's energy and carbon emission management plan (ECO2MAN), detailing emission sources, calculation methodologies, and planned mitigation measures for its South African coal operations.

This document consists of greenhouse gas (GHG) reporting notes and data tables submitted in March 2019 for Anglo American operations in South Africa. It details the calculation methodologies for fugitive methane and carbon dioxide emissions from coal mining for Anglo Operations (Pty) Ltd and provides emission data for Anglo American Platinum and Anglo American Inyosi Coal for the year 2018.

The Mining and Environmental Justice Community Network of South Africa (MEJCON-SA) and Mining Affected Communities United in Action (MACUA) have appealed a decision by the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy (DMRE) to grant environmental authorisation (EA) to Tetra4 (Pty) Ltd for the Cluster 2 Virginia Gas Production Project. The appellants argue that the decision is unlawful and unreasonable due to flawed groundwater and climate change assessments, inadequate public participation, a failure to consider renewable energy alternatives, and the state's lack of capacity to monitor gas operations.

This answering statement, submitted by the Centre for Environmental Rights on behalf of several appellants, challenges an environmental authorisation granted to Atha Africa Ventures (Pty) Ltd for the proposed Yzermyn coal mine. The appellants argue that the project has significant implications for international environmental commitments, suffers from material gaps in specialist information—particularly regarding acid mine drainage and subsidence—and was determined by an incorrect competent authority.

This document is a statement of grounds of appeal filed by eight environmental and community organisations against an environmental authorisation (EA) granted on 7 June 2016 to Atha Africa Ventures (Pty) Ltd for the Yzermyn underground coal mine near Wakkerstroom, Mpumalanga. The appellants argue that the EA was granted without lawful authority, based on a deficient Environmental Impact Assessment Report (EIAR), and ignores critical biodiversity and socio-economic risks.

The document asserts that natural gas is not a clean energy source, detailing how its production, transport, and combustion cause significant environmental degradation and health issues. It highlights the potency of methane leaks and the high carbon emissions from LNG and gas-to-power plants, particularly in the South African context. The author recommends a holistic lifecycle impact assessment to counter the misconception that gas is a viable strategy for reducing emissions.

The document advocates for a land-use planning framework that separates terrestrial carbon sequestration from industrial emission reductions due to the temporary nature of the former. It emphasizes that mitigation must prioritize food sovereignty, legally enforce the land rights of indigenous peoples and local communities, and avoid using land-sector targets to offset continued fossil fuel emissions. The paper critiques current Kyoto Protocol accounting as overly complex and prone to loopholes, suggesting instead the use of direct indicators like hectares of forest maintained. Specific recommendations include addressing high meat consumption and synthetic fertilizer use in developed countries to achieve permanent emission reductions in agriculture.

The policy brief outlines key principles for land-use mitigation, warning against using carbon sequestration to offset fossil fuel emissions and emphasizing the protection of food security and indigenous rights. It critiques current Kyoto Protocol LULUCF accounting as overly complex and prone to loopholes, recommending separate targets for industrial and land-use emissions due to the temporary nature of terrestrial carbon pools. The document advocates for policy-based measures, improved forest governance, and a focus on methane and nitrous oxide in agriculture to achieve permanent emission reductions.

The document analyzes the 1992 Framework Convention on Climate Change, detailing the scientific consensus on global warming and the diplomatic tensions between industrialized and developing nations during its creation. It highlights the lack of binding emissions targets and the complexities of the financial mechanism and technology transfer.

The Agrifood Transition Plan Assessment Framework establishes a methodology for evaluating corporate transition strategies in the agrifood sector. It categorizes companies into 'committed' (early) and 'advanced' phases based on the maturity of their transition plans. The framework emphasizes a holistic approach that integrates greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction—specifically targeting methane and nitrous oxide—with nature-based goals such as eliminating deforestation and land conversion. It provides detailed requirements for Paris-aligned targets, action plans for producers and downstream actors, and accountability metrics, while aligning with international disclosure standards like TCFD, TNFD, and ICMA.

The document examines the technical, environmental, and economic drawbacks of using hydrogen as a primary energy carrier. It highlights extreme energy losses across the value chain, where total system efficiency is only 20-30%, and notes that over 98% of current hydrogen is produced from fossil fuels. The text warns that 'hydrogen-ready' infrastructure risks locking in fossil fuel dependence and diverting resources from more efficient direct electrification. Environmental concerns include high water and land footprints for green hydrogen, as well as the indirect warming effect of hydrogen leaks. The author concludes that low-carbon hydrogen should be reserved for chemical feedstocks and niche industrial applications where direct electricity is not feasible.

The Global Climate and Health Alliance and its partners call for a total phase-out of fossil fuels, health-centered adaptation planning, and strategic climate financing to prevent catastrophic impacts on global health. The statement emphasizes a 'Health in All Policies' approach, arguing that the transition to renewable energy is a public health imperative that could save 3.6 million lives annually. It further advocates for the operationalization of the Loss and Damage Fund to address health losses, the promotion of sustainable plant-rich diets to prevent 11 million premature deaths, and the exclusion of fossil fuel industry influence from UNFCCC policy-making.

The Global Climate and Health Alliance and its signatories call for a 'Health in All Policies' approach at COP28, arguing that climate action is a public health imperative. The statement advocates for a full phase-out of fossil fuels to save 3.6 million lives annually, the integration of health metrics into the Global Goal on Adaptation, and the strategic allocation of climate finance toward health outcomes. It further emphasizes the need for a Loss and Damage Fund that addresses health losses and a transition to sustainable food systems to reduce premature deaths from diet-related non-communicable diseases.

The report details how fossil fuel production and use cause systemic health damage across all human life stages and geographic regions, disproportionately affecting marginalized communities. It maps these impacts from site preparation and extraction to combustion and waste disposal, highlighting the role of pollutants like PM2.5, benzene, and heavy metals. The document also examines the societal harms of the industry, including forced displacements, human rights violations, and political corruption. It concludes by advocating for a 'just transition' that prioritizes public health, eliminates fossil fuel subsidies, and holds polluters accountable through the 'polluter-pays' principle.

Climate TRACE estimates that anthropogenic methane emissions in 2025 were just over 410 million tonnes, with agriculture, fossil energy, and waste accounting for 97% of the total. The report argues that slashing methane is the most impactful way to keep global warming under 2 degrees Celsius due to the gas's powerful near-term warming effect. It identifies specific actionable opportunities: reducing methane intensity in oil and gas production (particularly in the US and Mexico), capturing coal mine methane, targeting a small number of high-emitting landfills, and addressing enteric fermentation and rice cultivation in agriculture.

The fact sheet outlines ten agricultural practices that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase carbon sequestration in the U.S., noting that current adoption rates for many of these methods remain low. It highlights the vulnerability of agriculture to climate change and proposes the Agriculture Resilience Act (H.R. 5861) as a policy mechanism to achieve net zero emissions from agriculture by 2040 through increased research, funding, and incentives.

The document provides a technical overview of shale gas and oil extraction, focusing on hydraulic fracturing (fracking). It details drilling methods such as vertical, horizontal, and rotary drilling, and explains the composition of fracking fluids, including the use of water, surfactants, and biocides. Additionally, it describes wellbore casing for aquifer protection and the processes of venting and flaring of natural gas.

The United States aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 50 to 52 percent below 2005 levels by 2030, but the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) is projected to achieve only a 40 percent reduction. To close this gap, the document recommends stronger federal and state standards for electricity, industry, transportation, and buildings. Modeling indicates that achieving the NDC would significantly increase public health and economic benefits compared to the IRA alone, avoiding 6,800 premature deaths and adding $690 billion per year to GDP.

The Sombwe Dam project in the Democratic Republic of the Congo threatens Upemba National Park, potentially violating national conservation law and risking the loss of rare species and critical forests. The project, intended to power the copper and cobalt mining belt, could release 1.3 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent by the end of the century due to forest submergence. Global Witness calls for the suspension of work by PowerChina and demands that international financiers and the DRC government seek alternative sites to avoid devastating biodiversity and climate impacts.