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The SUNCASA project has implemented nature-based solutions (NbS) across three Sub-Saharan African cities, planting 2.4 million trees and shrubs and restoring over 3,500 hectares of land within its first two years. In Dire Dawa, the project focuses on afforestation and agroforestry to combat soil erosion and improve food security. In Kigali, efforts center on riparian buffer zones and agroforestry to reduce flood risks. Johannesburg's primary focus is the removal of alien invasive species to protect water quality and biodiversity. The project integrates gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) to ensure marginalized groups participate in climate adaptation. Cost-benefit analyses indicate significant future savings in flood-related infrastructure and health expenses across all three cities.

A three-year restoration project in North Mecha, Ethiopia, has successfully revived local water sources and improved food security through community-led land management. By implementing revegetation and soil conservation practices across 400 hectares, the project increased groundwater levels, extended stream flow into the dry season, and boosted crop production for 321 households.

The report evaluates the impact of SUNCASA-implemented nature-based solutions (NbS) in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia, focusing on the Dechatu River Catchment. Using the SAVi methodology, it projects that interventions including afforestation, agroforestry, and urban tree planting will generate a discounted net benefit of ETB 101.6 million from 2025 to 2050, with a benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 1.36. The primary economic driver is the avoidance of flood-related infrastructure damage, valued at ETB 188.1 million. The assessment also highlights significant intangible benefits, such as avoided health costs from water pollution (ETB 65.8 million) and carbon sequestration (ETB 54.2 million). Sensitivity analyses indicate the project remains viable even with a 94% tree survival rate or under higher carbon pricing scenarios.

The report evaluates 17 types of natural infrastructure across four functional families (cover, basins, watercourses, and groundwater) to support water management in the Canadian Prairies. It argues that while natural assets like grasslands and wetlands are essential, constructed analogues such as bioretention and green roofs are necessary in urban areas to bridge the infrastructure gap. The document provides performance rankings and technical data to help decision-makers build a more robust business case for nature-based solutions over traditional grey infrastructure.

The document argues that natural infrastructure—comprising eight natural assets and nine constructed assets—is essential for bridging the water-related infrastructure gap in the Canadian Prairies. It details how these assets support flood mitigation, water supply, drought mitigation, and water quality, often complementing existing 'grey' infrastructure to enhance resilience against climate-driven extreme weather events.

The research presents a simplified approach to modeling aquifer behavior using basic geometry and trigonometry rather than complex differential equations. By analyzing static water levels at three specific dates, the authors were able to identify areas of the Cuauhtemoc aquifer characterized by increased extraction and areas experiencing considerable recharge.

The paper examines water management in Nogales, Sonora, where interbasin transfers are used to combat scarcity driven by population growth and climate change. It highlights a system where wastewater is exported north to the US and south to the Alisos basin, the city's primary drinking-water source, leading to indirect potable reuse via aquifer recharge. The study concludes that these strategies increase water scarcity in Nogales and cause negative health, livelihood, and environmental effects in the source basin.

The study evaluates how climate change affects the ability of the Maipo Basin's water system to meet urban and agricultural demands, finding that while both sectors are sensitive to precipitation changes, the urban sector is more resilient due to higher reliability standards and greater water-use rights.

The study finds that grain production systems in the Pampas lead to higher water-table levels and increased flooding risk compared to dairy systems. This is attributed to lower transpiration rates in annual crops and enhanced groundwater recharge in croplands, whereas perennial pastures maintain deeper water tables through higher transpiration and direct groundwater discharge.

The South Coast Water Reclamation Project (SCWRP) in Barbados aims to transform the existing South Coast Sewage Treatment Plant (SCSTP) into a modern Water Resource Recovery Facility (SCWRRF). The project focuses on producing high-quality reclaimed water to reduce dependence on potable groundwater, which is under threat from droughts and seawater intrusion. Key infrastructure includes a 25 km irrigation pipeline for 160 hectares of farmland and a system of injection wells for aquifer recharge in the Christ Church aquifer. The project also includes the restoration of the 33-hectare Graeme Hall Swamp and the installation of a 7 MW solar PV plant with battery storage to provide energy redundancy and reduce GHG emissions. Financially, the project employs an innovative 'Debt-for-Climate Conversion' (DfCC) mechanism, using savings from restructured sovereign debt to fund the investment. The total financing is USD 110 million, with USD 70 million requested from the Green Climate Fund (USD 40 million grant and USD 30 million loan) and USD 40 million in co-financing from the Inter-American Development Bank.

The BEST-P project investigates the relationship between land cover dynamics and ecosystem services in southern South America, specifically focusing on carbon and water regulation. Using remote sensing and field studies, the project has quantified the impacts of deforestation and afforestation in the Chaco region, analyzed the influence of different landholder types on conservation, and developed tools to integrate biophysical and human dimensions into territorial planning. The initiative also provides evidence to support legal actions against illegal deforestation in Argentina by demonstrating cross-province climatic impacts.

The document details how integrating solar energy with agriculture (agrivoltaics) and ecosystem functions (ecovoltaics) can reduce water use, diversify farm income, and support biodiversity. It highlights specific benefits for disadvantaged communities and provides recommendations for financing, pilot projects, and permitting to encourage adoption over traditional solar installations.

The 'Recharge Pakistan' project is a 7-year initiative designed to shift Pakistan's flood and water management from a reactive, grey-infrastructure-based approach to a proactive, nature-based strategy. With a total budget of approximately 77.8 million USD, the project focuses on four sites in the Indus Basin: DI Khan, Ramak, Chakar Lehri, and Manchar Lake. Key activities include restoring 14,215 hectares of degraded watersheds, implementing 127 green infrastructure measures (such as recharge basins and retention areas), and updating national and provincial water policies to prioritize EbA. The project also aims to improve the livelihoods of over 50,000 smallholder farmers through climate-smart agriculture and support the incubation of seven sustainable businesses. It is expected to benefit 687,336 direct and over 7 million indirect beneficiaries.

The ECCCP-Drought project seeks USD 24.96 million in GCF grants to address climate-induced water scarcity in the Rajshahi, Naogaon, and Chapainawabganj districts of Bangladesh. The project employs a '4-R' approach (Reuse, Recharge, Recycle, and Reduce) to manage water resources, featuring the installation of 2,500 rooftop Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) systems and 40 pond-based recharge wells to replenish groundwater. It also includes the re-excavation of 300 ponds and 140 km of canals to improve surface water storage. To enhance livelihoods, the project promotes drought-adaptive cropping patterns and fruit varieties for 15,000 farmers, aiming to reduce irrigation water needs by 70%. Institutional capacity will be strengthened by establishing a climate change unit within the Barind Multipurpose Development Authority (BMDA) and a national MAR centre under the Ministry of Water Resources.

The proposal outlines a 48-month project to establish Lebanon's first climate change adaptation (CCA) strategy and National Adaptation Plan (NAP) roadmap, specifically targeting urban water resource resilience. It identifies critical barriers, including limited mainstreaming of CCA into budgeting, weak institutional capacity, and a lack of reliable municipal water data. The project will implement a two-pronged approach: strengthening national governance and institutional coordination, and producing an evidence base for adaptation solutions in two priority areas: the City of Tyre and the Nahr-el Kalb Watershed. Key activities include establishing a NAP steering mechanism, training technical and non-technical personnel, and developing a pipeline of bankable adaptation projects for the GCF.

The analysis finds that Rwanda's economy is highly vulnerable to water supply fluctuations and a heavy reliance on run-of-river hydropower. While the 'Vision 2050' growth trajectory would increase water demand by 1140%, the 'Water Resilient Vision 2050' (WRes2050) scenario suggests that combining a reduction in hydropower dependence (from 40% to 20%) with diversified supply- and demand-side interventions can maintain GDP growth while reducing water-related losses. Key recommendations include tripling water storage from 100 to 300 MCM, improving irrigation efficiency, and establishing Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES).

The Upper Rio Grande Basin is in moderate condition with an overall score of 54% (C), facing severe threats from climate change, drought, and population pressure. While municipal water supplies remain strong, annual low flows are critically low, and the river's natural hydrology is heavily altered, particularly in southern New Mexico and Texas. Scenario modeling indicates that rising temperatures and declining precipitation will further reduce water availability for agriculture and ecological flows by 2050. Proposed mitigation strategies include reducing irrigation losses, fallowing agricultural land, and reducing municipal water demand to restore environmental flows.

The document details the 'Pani Chautari' (water forum) methodology implemented by the Southasia Institute of Advanced Studies (SIAS) in Dhulikhel, Nepal. This approach used multi-stakeholder dialogues to bridge the gap between scientific research and local action to address water scarcity caused by urbanization and climate change. Key outcomes included the institutionalization of a water council, the implementation of 'one ward, one pond' groundwater recharge programs, and increased municipal reliance on evidence-based policy-making.

The report identifies significant gaps in the governance of the Table Mountain Strategic Water Source Area (TMSWSA), noting that groundwater management is currently a national mandate that lacks local enforcement and clear delegation to Catchment Management Agencies (CMAs). It highlights the vulnerability of the Table Mountain Group and Cape Flats aquifers to over-extraction and pollution, exacerbated by unregulated borehole drilling during Cape Town's 2016-2018 drought. To address these failures, the document proposes a flexible, multi-stakeholder Partnership Framework based on adaptive management, recommending WWF South Africa as the host institution and secretariat to coordinate between the City of Cape Town, the Department of Water and Sanitation, and local communities.

The document describes the use of a WEAP model and a 36-year remote sensing dataset (1984–2020) to analyze bofedales wetlands in Bolivia's Katari watershed. It identifies that while glacier retreat in the Cordillera Real is evident, bofedales currently show a greening trend potentially due to increased meltwater and higher temperatures, though long-term decline is expected as aquifer recharge drops. The study also notes that human activities, including overgrazing and mining-related groundwater extraction, are deteriorating wetland health.