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This 2025 report by the Climate Policy Initiative and PUC-Rio evaluates the implementation of Brazil's Forest Code (Law No. 12,651/2012), focusing on the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and the Environmental Compliance Program (PRA). It details federal governance improvements to the National Rural Environmental Registry System (SICAR), the impact of Supreme Court rulings on land management integration, and the uneven progress of CAR validation and PRA adoption across Brazilian states.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) and PUC-Rio analyzes the 'self-declaratory' Environmental Regularization Program (PRA autodeclaratório) as a mechanism to accelerate forest restoration in Brazil. It examines how allowing rural producers to commit to restoring Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs) and Legal Reserves without prior validation of the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) can overcome administrative bottlenecks, while highlighting the necessity of robust monitoring and accountability systems to ensure environmental effectiveness.

This 2025 report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) provides a comprehensive analysis of the implementation of the Brazilian Forest Code (Law No. 12.651/2012), specifically focusing on the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and the Environmental Regularization Program (PRA) across Brazilian states. It details the transition of the National CAR System (Sicar) to a digital public infrastructure managed by Dataprev and the Ministry of Management and Innovation in Public Services (MGI), the adoption of automated analysis tools to accelerate CAR validation, and the persistent challenges in converting validated registries into effective forest restoration through the PRA.

This 2024 report by the Climate Policy Initiative and PUC-RIO monitors the implementation of Brazil's Forest Code (Law No. 12,651/2012), specifically focusing on the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and the Environmental Compliance Program (PRA). It details the progress of various Brazilian states in registering rural properties, analyzing those registrations, and formalizing environmental recovery through Terms of Commitment (ToC).

This research paper by the Climate Policy Initiative/Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes deforestation and land tenure in the Amazon biome from 2012 to 2021. It identifies critical areas for public intervention and proposes a coordinated strategy between the Brazilian federal and state governments, focusing on rural settlements, the implementation of the Forest Code on private lands, and the territorial zoning of undesignated public areas.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative/Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (CPI/PUC-Rio) evaluates the 10-year implementation status of Brazil's Forest Code (Law no. 12,651 of 2012). It identifies the analysis of Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) data as the primary bottleneck and provides a seven-point priority agenda for the Lula administration to accelerate environmental regularization and the implementation of Environmental Compliance Programs (PRA).

This 2023 report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) provides a comprehensive analysis of the implementation of the Brazilian Forest Code (Law No. 12.651/2012) across Brazilian states. It focuses on the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and the Environmental Regularization Program (PRA), detailing the progress in registration, data analysis, and the formalization of environmental recovery commitments. The document highlights a significant acceleration in 2023, with several states adopting automated analysis tools and expanding the number of signed commitment terms, while identifying persistent bottlenecks in communication with landowners and the lack of technical staff in certain regions.

This briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes Bill PL nº 36/2021, which proposes substantial changes to the Brazilian Forest Code. The authors argue that the bill effectively dismantles the current legal framework by extending amnesty for illegal deforestation, suspending environmental fines and embargos, and weakening the validation process of the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR).

This briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative/PUC-Rio analyzes how ongoing legal controversies in Brazil are hindering the implementation of the 2012 Forest Code (Law No. 12.651). It details four primary legal disputes: the conflict between the Forest Code and the Atlantic Forest Law, the determination of temporal milestones for Legal Reserve requirements under Article 68, the validity of revising previous environmental commitment terms, and the contradictory criteria for Environmental Reserve Quotas (CRA).

This executive summary provides a 2021 snapshot of the implementation of Brazil's Native Vegetation Protection Law (Forest Code), specifically focusing on the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and the Environmental Compliance Program (PRA). While property registration is well-advanced nationwide, the report identifies significant bottlenecks in the analysis and validation of these registrations and a lack of producer interest in joining the PRA, leaving the final stage of environmental regularization as a major challenge across most states.

This 2020 report by the Climate Policy Initiative and PUC-Rio monitors the state-level implementation of Brazil's Native Vegetation Protection Law (Forest Code), specifically focusing on the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and the Environmental Compliance Program (PRA). It identifies the analysis and validation of CAR registrations as the primary bottleneck and notes that while some states have made progress, many lack operational PRAs and sufficient normative frameworks for forest restoration.

This technical briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes how Provisional Measure 901/2019 (MP 901/2019) and the resulting Conversion Law Project 31/2019 (PLV 31/2019) contain 'jabuti' amendments that weaken the Brazilian Forest Code's protections in the Amazon, specifically in Roraima and Amapá.

This executive summary analyzes the state-level implementation of Brazil's Forest Code (Law no. 12,651/2012), focusing on the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and the Environmental Compliance Program (PRA). It evaluates the progress of various Brazilian states in regulating and executing these instruments to align agricultural growth with natural resource protection.

This 2020 report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) analyzes the implementation of the Brazilian Forest Code (Law No. 12.651/2012) across Brazilian states, focusing on the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and the Environmental Regularization Program (PRA). It identifies significant disparities in progress, noting that while CAR registration is widespread, the analysis and validation phase remains a critical bottleneck. The report details state-level regulations for restoring Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) and Legal Reserves (RL), the role of the Brazilian Forest Service (SFB) in providing technological infrastructure, and the legal uncertainties surrounding the potential implementation of a Federal PRA.

This technical briefing analyzes Law 13.887/2019, which amends the Brazilian Forest Code (Law 12.651/2012) regarding the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and the Environmental Regularization Program (PRA). The law removes the final deadline for CAR registration, making it a permanent registry, but establishes a critical deadline of December 31, 2020, for producers to register if they wish to access the more flexible regularization rules of the PRA. The document highlights remaining uncertainties, such as the starting point for the two-year PRA adhesion window and the potential legal conflicts arising from a proposed federal PRA for states that fail to implement their own by the end of 2020.

This briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) analyzes the proposed changes to the Brazilian Forest Code (Law 12.651/2012) introduced by the rapporteur of Provisional Measure (MPV) 867/2018. The authors argue that the proposal risks paralyzing environmental regularization programs, increasing legal insecurity, and incentivizing illegal deforestation by shifting the responsibility for regularization from landowners to state agencies and altering the calculation of Legal Reserves.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative warns that proposed amendments to Provisional Measure (MPV) 867/2018 threaten the implementation of Brazil's new Forest Code (Law 12,651/2012). While the original purpose of the MPV is to extend the deadline for entry into the Environmental Regularization Program (PRA), the authors argue that accompanying amendments could reintroduce rejected rules and create legal uncertainty.

This technical report by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the intersection of rural credit and environmental protection in Brazil. It argues that while Brazil has successfully modernized its agriculture and reduced deforestation, the current financial system is overly complex, dominated by public banks, and lacks sufficient risk management tools. The authors propose a phased transition to align financial incentives with the 2012 Forest Code, increase private sector participation, and shift public subsidies toward the provision of public goods and insurance instruments.

This briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative and Agroicone outlines the practical implications of a Supreme Court decision regarding the implementation of the Brazilian Forest Code. It details the legal regimes for landowners based on deforestation dates, the role of the Environmental Regularization Program (PRA), and specific rules for Legal Forest Reserve recovery and compensation.

This technical briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) provides a detailed analysis and critique of Minister Luiz Fux's vote regarding several Direct Actions of Unconstitutionality (ADIs) challenging the Brazilian Forest Code (Law No. 12.651/2012). The document highlights legal inconsistencies in the Minister's approach to the July 22, 2008, temporal milestone and the potential impacts of declaring the Environmental Regularization Program (PRA) unconstitutional.