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This fact sheet outlines nine clean flexibility tools—divided into supply optimization, storage, sharing, and demand shifting—necessary to integrate high levels of renewable energy into a stable power grid. It highlights specific technologies like LDES and smart electrification, and critiques COP29 proposals for only partially addressing the full portfolio of required flexibility tools.

This research paper proposes a flexible framework for electricity policy in a hypothetical "51st State," focusing on system optimization across affordability, reliability, and environmental performance. It outlines modernized principles for rate design and market structure that accommodate the rise of distributed energy resources (DERs) and smart-grid technologies, arguing that these innovations challenge the traditional view of utilities as natural monopolies.

This policy brief by Energy Innovation outlines a pathway for California to achieve 85 percent carbon-free electricity by 2030. Based on technical analysis by Telos Energy and GridLab, the document argues that this target is reliably achievable even under extreme stressors. It provides a set of 'no-regrets' policy recommendations focused on diversifying clean energy deployment, phasing out natural gas plants—particularly in disadvantaged communities—leveraging demand-side resources, and improving regional coordination across Western states.

This guide by Energy Innovation provides a blueprint for U.S. state policymakers to mitigate the economic impacts of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA). It specifically focuses on accelerating the procurement of wind and solar energy to ensure projects qualify for federal tax credits before they expire.

This fact sheet by Energy Innovation analyzes the potential impacts of the Advanced Clean Cars II (ACC II) rule, which mandates increasing sales of new zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) starting in 2026 to reach 100 percent by 2035. Using the Energy Policy Simulator model, the document evaluates the benefits for the 16 '177 States' that can adopt this California-led standard under the U.S. Clean Air Act.

This report examines the need for U.S. electric utility business models and regulatory frameworks to evolve to support a high-penetration renewable energy future. It proposes a spectrum of utility roles—ranging from minimal involvement to becoming comprehensive energy services providers—and suggests shifting from traditional cost-of-service regulation toward performance-based models like the UK's RIIO to align utility incentives with societal climate and efficiency goals.

This briefing presents preliminary results from the California Energy Policy Simulator (EPS) regarding a scenario where California reduces greenhouse gas emissions by 55 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. The analysis indicates that while such a target would require an energy and industrial transition of "unprecedented speed and scope," it is achievable without new technologies and would result in significant economic gains, job growth, and public health improvements.

This fact sheet by Energy Innovation analyzes the gap between the emissions reductions projected from the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and the United States' 2030 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) target. Using the U.S. Energy Policy Simulator (EPS), the document identifies additional policy measures across electricity, industry, transportation, and buildings necessary to reach the NDC goal.

The 'Coal Cost Crossover 3.0' fact sheet by Energy Innovation reports that 99% of 210 analyzed U.S. coal plants are more expensive to operate than replacing their capacity with new wind or solar energy. The document highlights how the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) accelerates this transition and estimates that replacing 204 coal plants with local clean energy could generate up to $589 billion in investment for energy communities.

This report by Energy Innovation analyzes the rising costs of coal-fired power generation in the United States between 2021 and 2024, concluding that coal is becoming increasingly uneconomic compared to alternatives like wind, solar, and natural gas.

This fact sheet from Energy Innovation outlines how data center electricity demand can be made flexible through workload shifting, operational reductions, and the use of backup power or storage to minimize the need for new fossil fuel generation and grid infrastructure.

This case study examines the role of the U.S. government in advancing diesel internal combustion engine technology. It details how federal investments in basic combustion research, the development of simulation tools, and the establishment of public-private partnerships led to significant improvements in fuel efficiency and a dramatic reduction in harmful emissions for heavy-duty trucks between the 1970s and 2010.

This fact sheet summarizes a study by Energy Innovation on the reliability of accelerated clean electricity portfolios in California, specifically testing an 85% clean electricity target for 2030. Using a production cost model (PLEXOS) to stress-test three portfolios against variables such as low hydro, reduced gas availability, and limited imports, the study concludes that reaching this target is feasible and reliable across most weather years and stress conditions.

This fact sheet from Energy Innovation outlines how the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) transforms clean energy economics in the United States and provides a roadmap for state-level policymakers to maximize these benefits. It argues that while the IRA provides significant incentives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and lower costs, state action is required to realize this potential.

This briefing by Energy Innovation analyzes the economic impacts of the U.S. Senate's version of the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act," passed on July 1st. The analysis forecasts that the bill's energy provisions—specifically the phase-out of clean energy tax credits and new material sourcing requirements—will reduce electricity capacity, increase power prices for consumers, and decrease U.S. GDP and employment.

This briefing by Energy Innovation analyzes the economic impacts of the U.S. Senate Budget Committee's version of the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act," released on June 28th. The analysis forecasts that the bill's energy provisions—including a new excise tax on wind and solar, the repeal of clean energy tax credits, and increased oil and gas leasing—will lead to significant decreases in electricity generation capacity, higher power prices for consumers, and substantial losses in GDP and employment.

This fact sheet from Energy Innovation outlines the challenges energy regulators face due to the uncertainty surrounding the development of the low-emissions hydrogen industry. It argues that regulators must adopt a proactive, holistic approach—looking beyond their immediate jurisdictional purview to include policy, emissions accounting, air pollution, and water usage—to ensure energy affordability, reliability, and safety while avoiding stranded assets.

This report by Energy Innovation argues that the traditional electric utility business model in the United States is facing a 'death spiral' due to technological advances, declining energy demand, and climate regulations. The author proposes a shift toward 'performance-based regulation,' where utilities are rewarded for achieving goals in reliability, affordability, and environmental performance rather than for the volume of electricity sold.

This briefing from Energy Innovation provides a blueprint for U.S. state policymakers to mitigate the economic impacts of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) by removing barriers to clean energy deployment to lower costs and attract private investment.

This report proposes the creation of an "energy park" in Pueblo, Colorado, as an economic development strategy to replace the retiring Comanche coal plant. The strategy involves a diversified portfolio of clean energy resources and "flexible" industrial technologies to maintain tax revenue and grid reliability while reducing costs for electricity customers.