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This fact sheet from the Climate Policy Initiative explains Catastrophe (CAT) bonds, which are high-yield debt instruments used by insurers and governments to transfer natural disaster financial risks to capital market investors. The document details the structural triggers of these bonds, the roles of various providers, the capacity requirements for implementation, and the specific challenges and solutions for different market maturity levels.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes climate finance flows in Ghana for 2019 and 2020, revealing a significant gap between the tracked annual average of USD 830 million and the estimated investment needs of USD 9.3-15.5 billion. The document details the dominance of public funding, the concentration of investments in the AFOLU and energy sectors, and the challenges associated with tracking private sector investments and adaptation finance.

This guide from the Climate Policy Initiative explains debt-for-climate swaps, which are financial mechanisms that cancel, exchange, or refinance sovereign debt in return for commitments to invest the savings into climate mitigation, adaptation, or conservation. The document details the different types of swaps (bilateral and tripartite), the internal and regulatory capacities required by Ministries of Finance to implement them, and the financial market conditions that influence their viability. It also outlines the risks, pricing drivers, and common challenges associated with these instruments, while providing examples of successful implementations in countries like Ecuador, Belize, and Seychelles.

This executive summary analyzes finance commitments for electricity and clean cooking access in 20 high-impact countries between 2013-14 and 2015-16. While electricity finance increased, it remains insufficient to meet 2030 universal access goals, with a significant geographical imbalance favoring Asia over Sub-Saharan Africa. Finance for clean cooking has decreased and remains critically low.

This report by CPI and the OECD explores methodologies for estimating private finance mobilized for climate adaptation in developing countries. It finds that private adaptation finance is significantly under-represented compared to mitigation (less than 10% of total mobilized private climate finance) and is difficult to track because private actors often integrate resilience into general business operations rather than labeling it as 'adaptation.' The study proposes four methodological approaches to capture direct and indirect mobilization, noting that while direct measurement is more practical, capturing indirect mobilization is essential to avoid underestimating total finance and to incentivize upstream public support.

The FAST-Infra (Finance to Accelerate the Sustainable Transition-Infrastructure) initiative, led by the Climate Policy Initiative and nearly 80 partner institutions, aims to close the sustainable infrastructure investment gap by turning such infrastructure into a mainstream, liquid asset class. The initiative focuses on three transformational areas: a labeling system for assets, a technology platform for digital finance transformation, and innovative financial mechanisms for co-financing and guarantees.

This guide by the Climate Policy Initiative outlines foreign exchange (FX) hedging instruments designed to mitigate currency fluctuation risks for emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs), particularly for long-term green projects. It details various commercial and concessional tools, the institutional and regulatory capacities required to deploy them, and the role of multilateral development banks (MDBs) and development finance institutions (DFIs) in reducing costs and building market readiness.

The Global Renewable Independent Power Supplier (Grips) is a proposed renewable energy service company designed to mobilize private-sector funding for hybrid energy plants in remote areas of developing countries, specifically targeting industrial anchor clients currently dependent on diesel generators.

This guide by the Climate Policy Initiative defines grants as direct fund transfers used to support projects with low commercial potential or to make them investment-ready. It details the types of grants, the risks they mitigate, the providers involved, and the capacity requirements for recipients across different market maturity levels.

This guide by the Climate Policy Initiative explains the mechanics, risks, and implementation requirements for green bonds, which are fixed-income instruments used to finance projects with environmental or climate benefits. It details the capacity needs for sovereign and corporate issuers, the role of multilateral development banks (MDBs), and strategies for overcoming market barriers in emerging and shallow economies.

This guide by the Climate Policy Initiative explains the role of guarantees as financial instruments to transfer risk from borrowers or lenders to third parties, such as multilateral development banks or governments. It details the types of risks covered, the impact on borrowing costs, the institutional and regulatory capacities required for effective implementation, and the specific challenges facing the deployment of guarantees for climate-related projects in emerging and mature markets.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative and Yayasan Humanis dan Inovasi Sosial analyzes the climate finance landscape in Indonesia, specifically focusing on the structural barriers that prevent marginalized populations from accessing funds. It argues that current top-down approaches prioritize financier agendas over local needs and recommends a shift toward blended finance and targeted capacity building to ensure an equitable energy and climate transition.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative provides comparative scorecards for several countries, evaluating the progress between their previous Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and their new versions (often NDC 2.0 or 3.0). The analysis focuses on key criteria: needs scope and granularity, timeframe, conditionality, implementation readiness, private sector mobilization strategies, and alignment with national and sectoral plans.

This report, produced by the OECD in collaboration with the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI), provides a preliminary status check on climate finance mobilised by developed countries for developing countries in 2013 and 2014. It estimates that total climate finance reached USD 61.8 billion in 2014 and USD 52.2 billion in 2013, averaging USD 57.0 billion per year, as part of the progress toward the UNFCCC goal of mobilising USD 100 billion annually by 2020.

This guide from the Climate Policy Initiative explains parametric insurance, a financial tool that provides rapid, fixed payouts based on predetermined triggers (such as wind speed or rainfall) rather than assessed losses. It details the instrument's role in maintaining fiscal liquidity and debt sustainability, the capacity requirements for governments to implement it, and the various commercial and concessional providers available globally.

The Reservoir Methane Capture Mechanism is a 'methane-as-a-service' financial structure designed to commercialize methane capture technologies at hydropower plants, specifically targeting the Brazilian market to reduce emissions and increase electricity production.

This guide explains the mechanics, applications, and implementation requirements of securitization as a tool for climate finance. It details how pooling fragmented green assets into tradable securities can mobilize institutional capital, recycle balance sheets for originators, and manage credit risk through tranching. The document provides a framework for assessing financial market readiness across shallow, emerging, and mature markets, and outlines the specific capacity needs for ministries of finance and regulators to support these instruments.

This report by Climate Policy Initiative/PUC-RIO and Amazon 2030 analyzes the potential for carbon sequestration through forest restoration in the Brazilian Amazon. It proposes the Reversing Deforestation Mechanism (RDM), a jurisdictional results-based payment system, as a way to mobilize significant investment and align land use with climate goals. The report compares the RDM with other financial mechanisms like JREDD+ and the Tropical Forest Forever Facility (TFFF), arguing that a complementary approach to conservation, avoided deforestation, and restoration is essential for Brazil to meet its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC).

This fact sheet by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) analyzes the use of risk mitigation instruments by the World Bank Group (WBG) for climate-related projects. It concludes that while the WBG is a major provider of risk mitigation, these instruments have not been used at a significant scale for climate change, suggesting a need for a formal mandate to increase availability and the use of specific tools like guarantees and index-based instruments.

This briefing by Ember analyzes the implications of the International Energy Agency's (IEA) 'Net Zero by 2050' report for the 2021 P4G Seoul Summit, arguing that achieving 100% clean power is a necessary precursor to broader carbon neutrality.