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Friends of the Earth International evaluates the Paris Agreement as a failure in achieving climate justice, arguing that it lacks binding targets, fails to hold wealthy nations accountable for emissions and financing, and leaves the door open for 'false solutions' like geoengineering.

Friends of the Earth International assesses the Paris Agreement as a failure in delivering climate justice, arguing that it lacks binding targets, sufficient financial commitments for developing nations, and protections for vulnerable communities. The organization concludes that the agreement fails the 'People’s Test on Climate' across all criteria, including emission reductions, support for transformation, justice for impacted people, and the focus on transformational action.

A statement by Thomas C. Heller, Executive Director of Climate Policy Initiative, arguing that the Paris Agreement's success is underpinned by a global shift in perception where climate action and economic growth are seen as mutually reinforcing rather than contradictory.

A statement by CIEL President Carroll Muffett critiquing US Secretary of State John Kerry's speech at COP 21, arguing that US financial commitments and emissions reductions are inadequate despite a pledge to increase adaptation assistance.

This briefing discusses the role of climate adaptation within the Paris Agreement, proposing a structured cycle of national communications and global reviews to accelerate resilience and support for vulnerable countries.

This briefing from the World Resources Institute explains the critical role of finance in the COP21 negotiations, detailing how funding enables climate ambition and resilience. It outlines the key 'crunch issues' facing negotiators, including the identity of finance providers, the mobilization of domestic investment, the balance between mitigation and adaptation funding, and the necessity of transparent reporting to ensure accountability.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute outlines six critical areas of climate finance to monitor during the COP 21 negotiations in Paris. It emphasizes the need for developed countries to meet the $100 billion annual funding goal by 2020, the importance of increasing adaptation funding, and the necessity of transparent reporting and a predictable finance cycle to support developing nations.

This report describes a 'policy-first' or 'decision-first' approach to mainstreaming climate adaptation into sector development plans, using a case study of the tea and coffee sectors in Rwanda. It contrasts this with 'science-first' methods, emphasizing the integration of climate risk information into existing policy cycles to ensure interventions are economically justifiable and aligned with development objectives.

This guide provides a comprehensive overview of financing mechanisms available to local governments to implement low-carbon and climate-resilient urban development. It categorizes funding into internal revenue sources, external revenue sources, alternative models, and international climate finance, emphasizing the need for a blend of instruments to overcome budget constraints and fiduciary barriers.

The NewClimate Institute report examines the creation of investment criteria to align financial assets, particularly those managed by development and climate finance organisations, with the goal of limiting global temperature increase to below 2°C.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the scale and distribution of Chinese finance for overseas coal power projects, highlighting China's role as a major provider of finance and the potential impact of its 2015 commitment to control public investment in high-carbon overseas projects.

The SAIIA Youth Policy Committee (YPC) issued a statement on November 25, 2015, outlining its support for a legally binding agreement at COP21 to combat climate change and transition to low-carbon economies. The committee emphasizes the need for ambitious pre-2020 action plans, the integration of adaptation goals into the Paris agreement, and the necessity of predictable climate finance from developed countries to support developing nations.

A statement by WRI Climate Director Jennifer Morgan regarding the 21st meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP21) in Paris, framing it as a critical opportunity for a new form of international cooperation to address climate change and transition to a sustainable economic model.

This research paper analyzes 101 case studies from the UNFCCC Nairobi Work Programme's Private Sector Initiative to evaluate the alignment between private sector adaptation finance and the criteria established in UN climate negotiations.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute outlines four priority issues for the Green Climate Fund (GCF) Board meeting in Zambia in November 2015. The meeting marks a milestone as the Board faces its first set of specific activity proposals and seeks to establish precedents for paradigm-shifting climate finance in developing countries.

This primer by Friends of the Earth International describes the structure, governance, and operational mechanisms of the Green Climate Fund (GCF), a multilateral fund under the UNFCCC designed to support climate adaptation and mitigation in developing countries. It details the role of Accredited Entities, National Designated Authorities, and the influence of the private sector and civil society, while highlighting concerns regarding the accreditation of banks with poor human rights and environmental records.

This fact sheet, published by Friends of the Earth International in November 2015, provides a guide to the Green Climate Fund (GCF), detailing its governance, funding mechanisms, accreditation processes, and the role of various stakeholders including the private sector and civil society.

This technical annex report assesses progress toward Goal 8 of the New York Declaration on Forests, which focuses on providing support for the development and implementation of strategies to reduce forest emissions. The document analyzes financial flows from international public donors, domestic public spending, private sector investments, and contributions from civil society and indigenous peoples, while highlighting significant data gaps in non-ODA funding.

A statement from Jennifer Morgan of the World Resources Institute regarding the conclusion of climate negotiations in Bonn, Germany, and the necessary momentum required leading up to COP21 in Paris.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute outlines the critical objectives for climate negotiations in Bonn as a prelude to COP21 in Paris. It evaluates the current state of national climate plans and identifies key areas in the co-chairs' draft agreement—including improvement cycles, long-term goals, transparency, finance, and adaptation—that require further clarity and ambition to ensure a strong global agreement.