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The report argues that the abrupt closure of USAID in 2025 has had catastrophic short-term effects on funding-dependent newsrooms in Africa, leading to mass layoffs and a decline in investigative capacity. It highlights the role of Internews as a primary implementer of these projects and warns that the loss of funding increases the risk of 'media capture' by political actors, the 'juniorisation' of newsrooms as senior staff leave, and a shift toward commercial rather than public service reporting. The author concludes that the resulting vacuum in public accountability work may accelerate democratic backsliding in fragile states.

The document details an Iranian-linked information operation, Storm-2035, that deployed four X accounts impersonating Northern Irish residents between August 2024 and February 2026. These accounts used AI-generated content and 'hashtag hijacking' to promote Irish reunification and narratives supportive of the Iranian regime and Palestine. Despite low engagement, the operation demonstrates Ireland's vulnerability to foreign information manipulation and interference (FIMI), particularly as it prepares for the EU presidency in 2026.

The briefing discusses the systemic nature of climate disinformation, driven by the public relations industry and Big Tech algorithms for profit. It highlights Spain's initiative to hold digital platforms and executives legally accountable for the algorithmic amplification of illegal content and disinformation. The text also notes the European Union's endorsement of the UN Declaration on Information Integrity on Climate Change and the implementation of fossil fuel advertising bans in cities like The Hague, Amsterdam, and Florence as models for protecting the public from corporate-driven deception.

The document is an open letter signed by over 200 entities calling for COP30 in Belém to move beyond the mere recognition of climate disinformation toward mandatory, verifiable actions. It argues that coordinated disinformation campaigns, primarily funded by the fossil fuel industry and amplified by Big Tech, sabotage international cooperation and the goals of the Paris Agreement. The signatories demand that COP30 codify information integrity as a prerequisite for effective climate action and call for legislative and regulatory measures to end greenwashing and the monetization of disinformation.

Climate Outreach is seeking to partner with a consortium for a Horizon Europe proposal focused on climate change communication and disinformation. The organization offers expertise in values-based research, narrative development, and public engagement strategies to build democratic legitimacy for climate policy.

The report analyzes how the 'Romanian scenario'—a conspiracy theory alleging that the EU, intelligence services, and courts can rig elections—was used by far-right and far-left political actors, alternative media, and Russian-affiliated channels to undermine trust in Czechia's 2025 parliamentary elections. The narrative evolved from the actual annulment of a Romanian election round in December 2024 into a broader claim of institutional manipulation, often linking the EU's Rapid Response System (RRS) to 'censorship'. The study identifies a transnational pattern, noting similar narratives in Poland and Croatia, and highlights the role of pro-Kremlin propaganda in amplifying these claims to foster democratic distrust.

The report finds that text-based GenAI misinformation currently poses a higher persuasive risk than visual misinformation. It identifies preemptive debunking as the most consistent intervention for reducing perceived credibility, while content labeling is effective only when standardized. The analysis highlights a critical evidence gap, as existing research is heavily concentrated in English-speaking and high-income countries.

Since the death of Yevgeny Prigozhin in 2023, Russia has restructured its African security engagements, moving from the high-profile combat deployments of the Wagner Group to a more centralised model controlled by the Kremlin and the GRU. This new approach prioritises 'regime survival' services, including elite protection, training, and intelligence sharing, while expanding covert information warfare through entities like Russia House and the African Initiative. Despite these efforts, Russia's footprint is constrained by the resource demands of its war in Ukraine and risks of 'blowback' from African governments due to human rights abuses and deceptive recruitment schemes like 'Alabuga Start'.

The report finds that while over 75% of NATO countries include climate change and nearly 70% include food security in their security strategies, these issues remain siloed. Most concrete actions focus on military emissions mitigation and direct adaptation rather than the indirect security implications of food and water insecurity. The author argues that climate-driven disasters create vulnerabilities that adversaries like Russia and China exploit through disinformation, weaponized migration, and food weaponization. The report recommends updating NATO's baseline resilience requirements and targeting investments toward "stability multipliers" that address the nexus of climate, food, and security both domestically and in the developing world.

The statement warns that social media and generative AI are being used by far-right groups and authoritarian leaders to normalize racism, misogyny, and misinformation. It highlights the fragmentation of the media landscape into echo chambers and argues that while regulation is necessary, the primary solution must be a 'whole-of-society approach' to digital media and information literacy for all ages to protect the rule of law and democratic integrity.

The document analyzes the strategies used by agribusiness to delay climate action, focusing on the 24th World Meat Congress and COP30. It identifies key industry narratives—such as the claim that meat is sustainable, essential for health, and that the industry is simply meeting inevitable demand—as tools to distract from the need for dietary shifts and methane reductions. The report highlights the role of industry-funded media, like the film 'World Without Cows', and the influence of agribusiness on the FAO and US dietary guidelines to maintain 'meat primacy' and avoid systemic reform.

The document argues that climate justice is unattainable without 'communication justice'—the ability of all people to access, share, and be heard in public discourse. It highlights how digital divides, language barriers, and coordinated disinformation campaigns by the fossil fuel industry undermine climate action. Through case studies in Zimbabwe and the Amazon, it advocates for blending AI and digital tools with indigenous knowledge and community-led media to build resilience. The text calls for mandatory information integrity standards and a shift toward 'constructive journalism' to combat climate fatigue and empower vulnerable populations in the Global South.

The report finds that textual GenAI misinformation is increasingly perceived as credible over time, while visual GenAI misinformation, such as deepfakes, shows a decline in perceived credibility. Preventive corrective information and content labeling are identified as effective countermeasures, though their impact varies by context.

The report evaluates ten distinct indexes designed to diagnose the resilience or vulnerability of political information environments to mis- and disinformation. It develops a typology of these tools—categorizing them as advertising-oriented, policy-driven, academically oriented, or public outreach—and analyzes their conceptual foundations, data collection methods, and scoring architectures. The review finds that most indexes rely on proxy indicators (such as institutional trust or media freedom) rather than direct measurement of false content. Comparative case studies reveal that while some indexes converge on structural constants in advanced democracies, others diverge sharply due to different operational definitions of 'resilience,' such as distinguishing between reactive mobilization and long-term structural capacity. The document concludes that current measurement is fragmented and recommends a more unified architecture that integrates structural, behavioral, and platform-specific dynamics.

The report finds that text-based generative AI misinformation currently poses a greater persuasive risk than visual misinformation. It identifies preventive corrective information as the most consistently effective intervention to reduce the perceived credibility of such content, while noting that content labeling is promising but highly dependent on consistent design and implementation. The authors highlight a critical evidence gap, as current research is heavily concentrated in English-language and high-income countries.

The report finds that generative AI-produced textual misinformation currently poses a higher persuasion risk than visual misinformation. It identifies preventive corrective information as the most consistently effective intervention for reducing the perceived credibility of such content, while content labeling shows promising but inconsistent results depending on design. The analysis highlights a significant global evidence gap, as most research is concentrated in high-income, English-speaking countries.

The report analyzes 60 effect estimates from 24 peer-reviewed studies (33,801 participants) published between 2018 and 2025 to evaluate generative AI (GenAI) misinformation. It finds that GenAI-generated text currently poses a higher risk of persuasive impact than visual misinformation. The most consistently effective countermeasure is the preemptive provision of corrective information, while content labeling shows variable effectiveness depending on design and application. The authors highlight a significant global knowledge gap, as research is heavily concentrated in English-speaking, high-income countries.

The report finds that text-based generative AI misinformation poses a higher persuasive risk than visual misinformation. It identifies a significant knowledge gap due to research focusing primarily on high-income, English-speaking countries. Among countermeasures, preemptive corrective information is the most consistent and effective intervention, while content labeling shows promising but inconsistent results depending on design and application.

The research paper argues that hybrid threats—combining hostile state operations with extremist violence—require a 'whole-of-society' prevention approach. It suggests adopting a 'public health' model of prevention, categorised into primary (building resilience), secondary (targeted vulnerability efforts), and tertiary (minimising acute harm) interventions. The authors emphasize the need to break down government silos between domestic and foreign security, avoid the over-securitisation of communities, and integrate gender and intersectional analysis into threat assessments.

The analysis of 44 media channels across four countries identified 815 cases of climate disinformation, with 85% occurring in private media. France experienced the highest volume of disinformation (665 cases), while Spain had the lowest (20 cases). In Europe, disinformation focuses heavily on renewable energy, often linked to anti-EU sentiment and perceived industrial decline, particularly in Poland. In Brazil, disinformation is tied to pro-agribusiness narratives and climate change denial. Peaks in disinformation correlate with environmental policy debates, international events, extreme weather, and statements by influential figures like Donald Trump.