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The report identifies critical gaps in Tonga's climate communication, including a lack of public awareness data, insufficient Tongan-language materials, and minimal formal engagement between the government and mainstream media. It recommends establishing formal government-media partnerships, developing a Tongan-language handbook for climate terms, conducting a baseline survey on public understanding, and increasing the use of social media and creative content to reach diverse audiences.

The text examines the link between climate change and mass migration from Central America's Northern Triangle to the U.S., highlighting how droughts and crop failures drive food insecurity and displacement. It asserts that personal narratives are more effective than data alone in shifting public perception and overcoming climate skepticism. The author calls for the U.S. government to integrate climate change into national security and immigration policies and urges communicators to use human-centric storytelling to justify international climate funding and compassionate treatment of migrants.

The Pacific Islands Climate Storybook 2021 outlines a methodology for 'Climate Services Dialogs'—three-day workshops designed to bridge the gap between scientific climate data and local experiential knowledge. The process involves sharing climate knowledge, diagnosing existing services using the 'READY-SET-GO' framework, and developing 'Climate Stories' to communicate best practices. The report includes several case studies from the region, such as the impact of the 1997–98 El Niño on water resources in American Sāmoa, coastal flooding in Papua New Guinea and the Marshall Islands, and the link between drought and disease outbreaks in the Marshall Islands. It emphasizes the need for co-production of knowledge, community engagement, and the integration of traditional knowledge with scientific forecasts to enhance regional resilience.

The December 2020 survey indicates that 72% of Americans believe global warming is happening, with 58% attributing it to human activities. While 66% express worry and 65% feel a personal responsibility to help, social engagement remains low, as 62% rarely or never discuss the topic with family and friends. The public perceives global warming primarily as an environmental (80%) and scientific (73%) issue, and a majority believe it is already harming people in the U.S. and affecting national weather patterns.

The December 2020 survey reveals that 72% of Americans believe global warming is happening, with 58% attributing it to human activity. While 66% express worry and 65% feel a personal responsibility to help, social engagement remains low, as 62% rarely or never discuss the issue with family and friends. The report also highlights a gap in scientific literacy, with only 20% aware that over 90% of climate scientists agree on human-caused warming. Americans primarily view global warming as an environmental (80%) and scientific (73%) issue, and a majority believe it is already harming people in the U.S. and affecting national weather.

The document identifies six distinct audience segments in the U.S. population—Alarmed, Concerned, Cautious, Disengaged, Doubtful, and Dismissive—based on their level of concern and engagement with climate change. It argues that effective communication requires tailoring messages to these groups' specific psychological and cultural profiles. For highly involved groups (Alarmed, Concerned), the paper suggests focusing on efficacy and opinion leadership. For low-involvement groups (Cautious, Disengaged), it recommends non-effortful strategies like narratives and social norms. For skeptical groups (Doubtful, Dismissive), it advises non-confrontational framing aligned with conservative values, such as patriotism and free-market solutions, to avoid the 'boomerang effect' of motivated reasoning.

The document outlines eight categories of barriers to climate change adaptation—ranging from conflicting timelines and lack of resources to institutional constraints and climate skepticism—and provides a self-assessment questionnaire and a directory of resources to help local authorities implement adaptation measures.

The document outlines the technical requirements and operational steps for using a set of 16 'golden questions' and associated Excel calculators to segment audiences into seven specific value-based categories in Britain. It specifies that all 16 questions must be answered in a precise order to ensure accuracy and provides guidance on using both 'single response' and 'bulk' classification tools.

The study finds that visual appeals (photos) significantly lower the acceptable level of risk by triggering emotional and moral reasoning, though this effect is diminished when numeric data is presented as a range rather than a single value. Additionally, participants who experienced simulated damages increased their investment in protection in subsequent rounds, suggesting a reactive 'gut' response to experience that differs from the reflective reasoning triggered by visual cues.

An experiment with 912 American adults found that listening to real-world stories about EV success in Norway and Greensboro, North Carolina, significantly increased participants' perceptions of EV reliability, affordability, and practicality. These stories also led to stronger support for national charging networks, electric buses, and tax rebates, suggesting that narrative-based communication is an effective tool for accelerating the transition to electric vehicles.

Dr Aïda Diongue Niang utilizes a non-formal, conversational approach to bridge the gap between local observations of weather changes and scientific explanations for climate change in Senegal. By replacing traditional presentations with community-led discussions and expert 'conversation shops', she helps farmers and fishing communities integrate climate information into their decision-making to mitigate risks. While these methods have built trust and fostered the co-design of climate services, scaling this process across all needy communities and sectors remains a challenge.

Dr Paola Arias, an author for the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, details a 2019 community meeting in Bogotá where a ceiling collapse caused by heavy rains served as a real-time example of climate risk. She argues that interpreting scientific evidence through the lens of social impacts and daily local issues—such as Bogotá's flood plain construction and landfill collapse—is more effective for public engagement than traditional presentation protocols.

Dr Alex C. Ruane, an IPCC author, details his method of translating complex climate data into accessible information for community groups in Manhattan. He emphasizes moving from abstract metrics, such as CO2 concentrations, to tangible impacts on food and cities, and utilizes specific analogies—such as comparing sea level rise to raising a basketball court floor—to make scientific uncertainties and risks more comprehensible to non-experts.

Dr Masao Ishii, an author for the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, utilizes specific observations from Japan's coastal sites and the western North Pacific—such as sea level rise, sea surface temperature, and acidity—to illustrate the connection between local experiences and the global climate system. He notes that presenting these regional examples helps audiences grasp the complexity and uncertainty of future projections. Furthermore, engaging with a diverse audience, including the general public and climate skeptics via platforms like YouTube and Slido, has prompted him to broaden his own knowledge and consider the varied implications of climate data for different stakeholders.

Dr Lucas Ruiz emphasizes the importance of presenting oneself as a 'regular person' to reduce the distance between experts and the public. He advocates for tailoring messages to the specific needs of the audience, such as linking glacier shrinkage to water resources for agricultural communities, and using analogies—comparing glaciers to bank accounts—to explain complex processes without relying on scientific jargon. Additionally, he highlights the effectiveness of visual aids like pictures, plots, and short videos to maintain engagement.

Dr Roxy Mathew Koll, an author for the IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, employs a 'global to local' communication approach to bridge the gap between high-level scientific reports and the lived experiences of people in India. He supplements IPCC data with local scientific papers and government reports to link climate change to immediate food, water, and energy security issues. To counter the depressing nature of climate risk assessments, he incorporates success stories of community-led adaptation and mitigation. His engagement methods include the use of comics, newspaper clippings, and 'temproidery'—a creative project using color-coded embroidery to visualize rising temperature spirals.

The April 2020 survey indicates that public engagement with climate change in the U.S. remains at historic highs, with 73% of Americans believing global warming is happening and 62% attributing it to human causes. Despite high levels of personal concern and a sense of responsibility, social norms for action remain weak, and most Americans rarely discuss the issue with family and friends. The report also highlights a significant gap in understanding the strength of the scientific consensus, with only 21% recognizing that over 90% of climate scientists agree on human-caused warming.

The document distinguishes between actual conspiracies and conspiracy theories, noting that the latter are often driven by feelings of powerlessness and amplified by social media. It introduces the 'CONSPIR' acronym to identify seven traits of conspiratorial thinking and provides a toolkit for communicators, including 'prebunking' and 'debunking' strategies. The text highlights that climate change denial often employs conspiratorial rhetoric as a political strategy to delay action.

The document addresses the need for effective communication regarding the 'just transition' to ensure that the move to a low-carbon economy is not perceived as a threat to the livelihoods and identities of workers in energy-intensive industries. It warns that failing to engage in respectful dialogue with affected parties risks undermining the transition process. The guidance is based on a literature review, interviews with union leaders conducted by the New Economics Foundation, and Climate Outreach's expertise in climate communications.

Climate Outreach identifies 2020 as a critical year for climate action, noting a rise in public concern driven by the IPCC and activists like Greta Thunberg. The organization aims to move beyond 'environmentalists' to reach marginalized communities, shift social norms, and ensure people-centred policy through tools like citizens' assemblies. Key priorities for 2020 include driving climate conversations, updating visual imagery, urging governments to fulfill public engagement commitments, and accelerating behavioral change.