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The report assesses how the EU ETS affects industrial competitiveness, identifying that while most sectors can profit in the short term through free allowances and cost pass-through, a small number of carbon-intensive subsectors face significant risks. Using UK and German data, the authors develop 'Value at Stake' indicators to screen for exposed activities. The analysis concludes that leakage concerns are concentrated in a few subsectors, particularly cement and blast furnace steel, where high direct emissions and international tradeability create vulnerability. The report argues that free allocation can mitigate these risks but may create perverse incentives, suggesting that targeted policies or harmonized allocation across EU Member States are necessary to maintain economic performance while achieving emission reductions.

The research finds that proposed Phase II NAPs likely result in an oversupply of allowances, potentially leading to very low carbon prices and a 'dead market'. This surplus is exacerbated by the potential inflow of CDM/JI credits, which would shift the cost of Kyoto compliance from the private sector to government treasuries.

The document argues that a lasting global climate solution post-2030 must integrate a cap-and-trade scheme, technology development agreements, and assistance for developing countries. It contrasts a "Cap First" strategy, which prioritizes binding emissions targets, with an "Empower First" strategy, which emphasizes creating an enabling environment through technology and development cooperation. The authors suggest that while the Kyoto Protocol established a market value for carbon, future success depends on overcoming political stalemates, re-engaging the US through flexible compliance mechanisms, and implementing equitable target-setting based on countries' levels of development.

The report by Climate Action Against Disinformation (CAAD) analyzes the persistence of climate disinformation across digital platforms, highlighting how Big Tech infrastructure enables the spread of false narratives regarding renewable energy, extreme weather events, and fossil fuel industry claims. It details a growing crisis in researcher access to platform data and provides a set of policy recommendations to dismantle the 'economy of disinformation'.

The document frames climate change as the "biggest global health threat of the 21st century," noting that it has caused over 140,000 deaths per year since the 1970s. It asserts that meeting the 2°C global temperature limit requires consuming no more than one-third of proven fossil fuel reserves by 2050. The text advocates for a substantial carbon price, citing British Columbia's carbon tax as a successful model, and suggests that pricing should eventually reach $100-$200 per tonne of CO2 equivalent. It highlights health co-benefits of low-carbon transitions, such as reduced cardiovascular disease from 'cardio-commuting' and fewer respiratory impacts from wind, solar, and hydro power compared to coal. Finally, it urges physicians to use their professional influence to translate climate science for the public and advocate for systemic changes.

The document is a letter from a coalition of Canadian organizations supporting the Pan-Canadian Framework on Climate Change and Clean Growth. The authors argue that Canada's long-term prosperity depends on investing in a low-carbon economic transformation to remain competitive in a global clean technology market. They emphasize the necessity of 'just transition measures' to support workers and communities affected by the shift away from high-carbon sectors. The coalition offers specific support for implementing the framework, including prioritizing engagement with Indigenous communities based on the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, establishing a robust federal backstop for carbon pricing, and modernizing electricity and transportation systems to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

A group of physicians urges the Alberta government to establish a sustainability office within Alberta Health Services (AHS) to address energy efficiency and waste management, proposing that funding be provided via grants from the carbon levy to avoid impacting clinical budgets.

The document outlines how climate mitigation strategies in Canada—such as phasing out coal, reducing building energy use, transitioning transportation, and shifting to plant-based diets—can simultaneously reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve health outcomes by reducing air pollution and obesity.

The Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment (CAPE) and other applicants argue that the Canadian Gas Association (CGA) has engaged in greenwashing by marketing natural gas as a clean and affordable energy source. The document asserts that natural gas has a lifecycle climate impact comparable to coal, causes significant indoor and outdoor pollution, and is less affordable than heat pumps, especially as carbon pricing increases. The applicants request a Competition Bureau inquiry, a public retraction of the claims, and a $10 million fine.

The document examines the challenges of accounting for fossil CO2 used in non-permanent products (like plastics and fuels) in the EU ETS. It compares a 'final emitter pays' (downstream) approach, which avoids double pricing but risks emissions leakage, against a 'capture installation pays' (upstream) approach, which is the current system but risks double pricing if MWI is included. The authors recommend including MWI in the ETS by 2028 and suggest specific safeguards for either accounting path to maintain environmental integrity.

The analysis finds a significant funding gap for European carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects that cannot recover costs through carbon pricing alone. By 2023, 55% of excess costs are uncovered, and a total shortfall of €10 billion is projected by 2030. While some countries like Norway, the UK, and the Netherlands have established specific incentive schemes, the report argues that additional targeted funding is required, particularly for high-cost sectors, to kickstart deployment and develop infrastructure.

The document analyzes the financial incentives for reducing carbon emissions in the US, comparing the implicit price of CO2 avoided via the Section 45 production tax credit (PTC) for renewables against the explicit credits proposed in the FUTURE Act and Carbon Capture Act for carbon capture and storage (CCS). Using NREL data, it calculates that the renewable PTC provides an implicit incentive of $48.76 per tonne of CO2 avoided, while the proposed 45Q credits for saline storage and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) would provide lower incentives of $45 and $31.5 per tonne, respectively, assuming a 90% capture rate.

The document argues that large-scale deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS) is essential for the EU to reach climate neutrality by 2050, with estimates suggesting a need to capture between 490 and 600 million tonnes of CO2 annually by that date. It highlights that current deployment is significantly below the required trajectory due to inadequate policies and a lack of storage sites outside the North Sea. The brief advocates for the development of shared CO2 transport and storage 'hubs' and cross-border networks to reduce costs for industrial emitters, particularly in Southern, Central, and Eastern Europe. It specifically urges EU Member States to use the 2023-2024 NECP revision process to detail funding commitments, deployment targets, and storage capacity to align with the Net Zero Industry Act's target of 50 million tonnes of annual injection capacity by 2030.

The document argues that CCS is essential for decarbonising hard-to-abate industrial sectors like cement and steel and for achieving net-negative emissions after 2050. It details the technical process of capturing CO2 using amines or membranes and storing it in saline aquifers or depleted reservoirs at depths exceeding 800 metres. The text asserts that geological storage is permanent and safe, with projected annual leak rates as low as 0.0002% in regulated industries. While costs vary by source—ranging from under 90 euro per tonne for fertilisers to 700 euro for direct air capture—the document suggests that government support for shared infrastructure can drive down costs, similar to the trajectory of offshore wind. It highlights approximately 100 proposed projects in Europe, particularly around the North Sea, and notes that the EU may need to capture 300 to 600 million tonnes of CO2 annually by 2050.

The undersigned authors express concern that a provisional agreement on RePowerEU would weaken the EU Innovation Fund by allowing Member States to use its grants (60%) and front-loading ETS allowances (40%) to raise revenues. They argue that reducing the fund contradicts the needs of Europe's industrial transformation, noting that the fund's first call in 2021 was oversubscribed by more than 20 times. The letter highlights that nearly 50% of emissions reductions needed for 2050 goals depend on technologies not yet deployed at scale, particularly for hard-to-abate sectors like cement, steel, and chemicals. The authors warn that while the United States is implementing massive investment plans, the EU risks losing its industrial base and jobs if it fails to lower the cost of next-generation decarbonisation technologies. Finally, they urge Member States to reject the European Commission's proposal to auction allowances from the Market Stability Reserve, as this could increase emissions and lower the carbon price signal.

The document examines the transition of traditional refineries to low-carbon facilities across four regions, utilizing archetype refineries to model emissions reductions under the IEA's Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) and Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE). It identifies key decarbonization levers including carbon capture and storage (CCS), green and blue hydrogen, energy efficiency, and the conversion of facilities into biorefineries or clean fuels plants. Regional analysis reveals that while the US and GCC benefit from vast CO2 storage and cheap natural gas, Europe and Singapore face greater storage constraints but have stronger regulatory drivers and higher financial incentives for energy efficiency. The study emphasizes that the viability of these transitions depends on carbon pricing, feedstock availability, and the development of carbon clusters to achieve economies of scale.

The document posits that EOR is currently the only viable private-market driver for carbon capture and storage (CCS) infrastructure due to its profitability compared to saline storage. It suggests that EOR can lower CCS costs through 'learning by doing' and provide a foundation for 'stacked storage,' where existing pipelines and wells are repurposed for saline reservoirs. The author notes that while EOR is a useful starting point, its global capacity (140 billion tonnes) is insufficient to meet the IPCC's 1.5°C goals, which may require storing up to 1.2 trillion tonnes of CO2, necessitating a transition to the much larger capacities available in saline formations.

The EU steel sector, which contributes 5% of the region's annual CO2 emissions, faces significant technical and economic hurdles in its transition to net zero. While hydrogen-based DRI is a prominent pathway, its scalability is limited by the massive requirements for renewable electricity and low-carbon hydrogen. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is presented as a complementary, potentially lower-cost near-term solution for both blast furnace and DRI plants. The report concludes that a portfolio of technologies is necessary to mitigate risks and ensure the industry's survival, supported by carbon pricing, border adjustments, and demand-side policies.

The document describes the Marginal Abatement Cost Curve (MACC) as a graphical tool that ranks greenhouse gas mitigation options by cost and abatement potential to support policy prioritization. It details a four-step construction process involving the calculation of abatement potential and marginal abatement cost (based on Net Present Value), and provides guidance on interpreting negative and positive costs to determine appropriate financing mechanisms. The text also warns that MACCs are static representations that ignore interactions between options, exclude societal co-benefits, and mask the distinction between upfront CAPEX and ongoing OPEX.

The report argues that a rapid transition to a 1.5°C pathway is more economically beneficial than a slow one, as renewable energy costs are now lower than fossil fuels. It proposes three policy pillars—speed, steering, and simplification—to mobilize private capital and align economic development with climate goals. Key recommendations include establishing national carbon budgets, mandating transition plan disclosures, reforming carbon pricing, and utilizing blended finance and guarantees to reduce risks for investors, particularly in emerging markets.