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Carbon Market Watch calls for the EU to adopt more ambitious climate targets, specifically a 65% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and climate neutrality by 2040, to remain consistent with the Paris Agreement's 1.5°C goal and the 'do no harm' principle.

The UK's Climate Change Act 2008 established a legally-binding framework for emissions reductions, featuring long-term targets, five-year carbon budgets, and independent oversight by the Committee on Climate Change (CCC). While the UK successfully met its first two carbon budgets and reduced emissions by 44% below 1990 levels by 2018, it is currently not on track to meet its fourth and fifth budgets or its net-zero target. The legislation is noted for its political durability across different governments and its inclusion of climate adaptation governance, though it faces potential challenges from Brexit and the need to decarbonize more difficult economic sectors.

The document calls for an immediate end to financial support for fossil fuel expansion to meet the 1.5°C climate goal. It criticizes financial institutions for insufficient exclusion policies and highlights the danger of non-conventional hydrocarbons and the continued expansion plans of oil and gas majors.

The document analyzes the UK's Climate Change Act 2008, highlighting its use of legally binding long-term targets, five-year carbon budgets, and the role of the independent Committee on Climate Change (CCC). It notes that while the UK successfully reduced emissions by 44% relative to 1990 levels by 2018, it faces challenges in meeting future carbon budgets and its 2050 net-zero target. The study suggests Canada could adopt similar frameworks, particularly regarding independent advisory bodies and the integration of adaptation planning into climate law.

The Climate and Health Alliance (CAHA) and Global Health and Climate Alliance (GCHA) argue that the Australian bushfires demonstrate the critical link between climate change and public health emergencies. They urge the Australian government to recognize a climate emergency, integrate public health into national carbon budgets, and phase out fossil fuels to prevent more intense bushfire seasons.

The report outlines the physical and economic risks Canada faces due to climate change, such as sea-level rise and the global shift away from carbon-intensive exports. It proposes a holistic approach to climate policy that integrates health, well-being, and economic competitiveness, moving beyond narrow emission targets. The document highlights existing Canadian subnational innovations in carbon pricing and coal phase-out while recommending that governments expand the scope and ambition of their climate actions to ensure long-term prosperity.

The Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment (CAPE) argues that Canada's post-COVID-19 economic recovery should prioritize decarbonization to protect human health and ensure economic stability. The report outlines a path to net-zero emissions by 2050, projecting that meeting climate targets would save approximately 112,000 lives between 2030 and 2050 due to air quality improvements and increase clean jobs from 210,000 in 2020 to 1.5 million by 2050. Key recommendations include legislating a net-zero 2050 target, decarbonizing electricity and transit by 2040, and transitioning buildings and healthcare to net-zero by 2050. The report also emphasizes the health risks of fossil fuel investments, the need for a just transition for workers, and the importance of nature-based solutions for climate mitigation and mental health.

The document argues that current oil and gas expansion plans are incompatible with Paris Agreement goals, as emissions from existing fields alone would likely exceed the 1.5°C limit. It highlights a projected USD 1.4 trillion investment in new extraction between 2020 and 2024, primarily in North America, and calls for a managed phase-out of fossil fuels supported by government bans on new licenses and a shift toward renewable energy.

The report details how plastic production, refining, waste management, and environmental degradation contribute significantly to global greenhouse gas emissions. It warns that by 2050, cumulative emissions from plastic could consume 10–13 percent of the remaining carbon budget, potentially making the 1.5°C climate target impossible to achieve. The document advocates for ending single-use plastics and stopping the expansion of petrochemical infrastructure to mitigate these impacts.

The document is a formal petition by sixteen children from various countries against five states, alleging that their failure to mitigate climate change violates the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. It details specific harms faced by the petitioners—including extreme heat, wildfires, and sea-level rise—and argues that the respondents' current emission pathways are inconsistent with the 1.5°C goal of the Paris Agreement. The petitioners request that the Committee recognize climate change as a children's rights crisis and recommend that the respondent states accelerate mitigation efforts and prioritize the best interests of children.

The study finds that the EU's 2050 target of 80% to 95% reduction from 1990 levels is outdated and insufficient. An 80% reduction is incompatible with the Paris Agreement's temperature limits, and even GHG neutrality by 2050 is deemed an unfair contribution given the EU's historical emissions. The report suggests the EU would need to reach zero emissions by 2030-2040 to allow other countries a fair share of the remaining carbon budget.

Steelmaking contributes 2.9 GtCO2 annually and is projected to consume 50% of the remaining 1.5°C carbon budget by 2050. Because primary steel production from iron ore exceeds acceptable emission levels for the 1.5°C target, there is a critical need for low-carbon iron ore reduction. Hydrogen-based direct reduction is identified as the most developed of several non-coal-based technologies currently being piloted.

The document highlights a significant gap between projected fossil fuel production for 2030 and the levels required to limit global warming to 1.5°C or 2°C. It warns that expanding coal, oil, and gas production creates infrastructure lock-in that makes emission reductions more difficult and costly. Preliminary findings indicate that by 2030, the world is on track to produce 50% more fossil fuels than a 2°C pathway allows and 120% more than a 1.5°C pathway allows.

The document highlights a significant 'production gap' where planned fossil fuel production exceeds levels consistent with the Paris Agreement. Preliminary findings indicate that by 2030, the world is on track to produce 50% more fossil fuels than a 2°C pathway allows and 120% more than a 1.5°C pathway. This expansion risks locking in infrastructure that undermines emission reduction pledges and climate ambitions.

ClientEarth argues that HM Treasury (HMT) is an obstacle to ambitious climate policy and lacks transparency in its coordination with other departments. The submission calls for a 'Climate Cabinet' and a parallel climate budget to ensure legal targets are met. In the financial sector, ClientEarth highlights a widespread failure among pension funds and asset managers to treat climate change as a material financial risk, noting a 'herd mentality' that stifles innovation. It criticises the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) for a lack of enforcement regarding climate risk disclosures and warns of 'greenwash' in sustainable financial products. The document recommends mandatory TCFD reporting for large asset owners by 2022 and the regulation of investment consultants by the FCA.

The document outlines how plastic contributes to greenhouse gas emissions across its entire lifecycle, from fossil fuel extraction to waste management, and proposes systemic reductions over technical fixes.

The report argues that the plastic lifecycle is a significant and growing driver of climate change, potentially consuming 1013 percent of the remaining carbon budget by 2050. It details emissions from fracking, steam cracking, and incineration, while highlighting the emerging threat of microplastics interfering with the ocean's carbon sink. The authors conclude that only a dramatic reduction in plastic production and a transition to zero-waste systems can mitigate these impacts.

The analysis finds that Germany's current climate targets, including the Climate Mitigation Plan 2050, are insufficient to limit temperature rise to 1.5°C, potentially resulting in 20% to 130% more emissions by mid-century than allowed. To be unambiguously compatible with the 1.5°C limit and fulfill its historical responsibility, the document argues Germany must reach zero emissions by 2030. It further notes that failing to meet the original -40% target for 2020 has already consumed 10% of Germany's 1.5°C budget for 2010-2050, necessitating steeper future reductions.

The document argues that climate change poses an existential threat to economic, social, and cultural (ESC) rights, necessitating urgent State action through mitigation, adaptation, and finance. It establishes a 'human rights red-line' at 1.5°C, asserting that warming beyond this limit severely threatens rights to food, water, health, and work. The briefing outlines five key State obligations, including adopting science-based emission targets and addressing extraterritorial emissions. It further critiques current climate finance, noting a gap in adaptation funding and a reliance on loans over grants, while providing a directory of independent tools like the Climate Action Tracker and Oxfam's shadow reports to monitor State performance.

The report proposes a three-year plan to transition Canada from voluntary to mandatory climate-related financial disclosure by 2021, aligning with TCFD recommendations. It highlights a market failure where Canadian clean technology firms face significant capital barriers and negative retained earnings, while the oil and gas sector carries substantial undisclosed 'tail risks' relative to global carbon budgets. The author recommends updating federal and provincial laws, such as the Canadian Business Corporations Act, and suggests that Canada align its sustainable finance frameworks with emerging EU taxonomies to diversify trade and attract international capital.