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The document discusses the necessity of 'taxonomies'—systematic classifications of green assets—to prevent greenwashing and provide clear guidance for issuers and investors. It highlights the transition from voluntary international guidelines, such as the Green Bond Principles, to more comprehensive regulatory frameworks, most notably the EU Taxonomy for Sustainable Finance. The report also details the development of the ISO 14030 international standard and provides examples of regional guidelines in ASEAN, China, and other markets.

The report evaluates Ecuador's mining policy framework, identifying a strong constitutional and legal basis for environmental protection and social participation. While the government has successfully attracted large-scale investment and implemented an innovative advance royalty system for community benefit, significant gaps remain in technical regulation for mine closure, environmental monitoring of large-scale waste, and the formalization of artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM). The assessment emphasizes the need for more robust community consultation processes and increased technical capacity within state regulatory agencies to ensure sustainable mining development.

The document defines natural infrastructure (NI) as ecosystems providing infrastructure services and distinguishes between 'natural' (e.g., wetlands) and 'green-grey' (e.g., permeable pavements) types. It argues that NI is generally more cost-effective than grey infrastructure, offering co-benefits in land security, climate regulation, and water security. However, adoption is hindered by high transaction costs, long time horizons for full capacity, and a lack of standardized quantitative evaluation tools. The report provides specific cost data for artificial wetlands and restoration projects, while identifying policy interventions—such as rating systems and market instruments—to incentivize investment.

The document argues that strengthening 'comando e controle' (command and control) is essential for protecting Brazil's native vegetation, which is critical for environmental conservation, international reputation, and the competitiveness of the agribusiness sector. It highlights the success of the DETER system in the Amazon, which helped reduce annual forest loss by over 80% and avoided the loss of more than 2 million hectares per year during its first five years. However, it identifies gaps such as the inability to detect small-scale deforestation (under 25 hectares) and the lack of monitoring for secondary vegetation. The authors recommend developing technology for small-scale detection and forest degradation, monitoring forest regeneration, expanding remote sensing to all national biomes, and implementing land tenure regularization in public lands and agrarian reform settlements.

The Mpumalanga Provincial Spatial Development Framework proposes a polycentric growth management model to address apartheid-era spatial imbalances and promote sustainable economic diversification. It identifies five key economic growth and innovation centres—Mbombela, Emalahleni, Middleburg, Secunda, and Ermelo—and a network of alternative growth centres to decentralise economic activity. The framework emphasises enhancing connectivity via the N4 Maputo Corridor and other strategic routes, protecting high-potential agricultural land and biodiversity, and transitioning the province's coal-dependent economy toward low-carbon and climate-resilient alternatives. It also outlines strategies for urban densification, the development of sustainable human settlements, and the creation of Rural Economic Zones (REZ) to transform rural livelihoods.

The report details a participatory framework developed by the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) to identify synergies and conflicts between SDG targets in Colombia. It outlines a 7-point scoring system to evaluate first-order (direct) and second-order (indirect) interactions, which are then analyzed using network analysis to inform policy prioritization. The methodology will be piloted through workshops in Bogotá and Antioquia, focusing on a preselected set of 20 targets with a particular emphasis on water management as a transversal element. The goal is to provide a systemic tool for national and subnational decision-makers to ensure that progress in one area does not hinder another.

The document argues for the alignment of provincial conservation laws with national legislation, the clarification of welfare mandates between government departments, and the standardisation of permitting processes to ensure the well-being of wild animals in South Africa.

The GEC 2019 briefing reviews the global transition to green economies, noting that while renewable energy and green finance grew in 2018, biodiversity loss and inequality remain critical. The document outlines the GEC's mission to champion inclusion, equity, and environmental limits through financial reform, natural capital accounting, and just transitions. It emphasizes that environmental protection is dependent on improving human livelihoods, citing specific examples of community-led success and the need for structural economic reform.

The report examines the global coffee market, highlighting a growth in VSS-compliant production which reached at least 34% of total production in 2016. While demand is increasing in emerging economies, the sector faces risks from price volatility and climate change. The analysis identifies Ethiopia and Uganda as having high potential for VSS expansion among LHDCs.

The report details a March 2019 workshop aimed at addressing the opportunities and challenges of Voluntary Sustainability Certification (VSC) in Kenya's tea industry. Key findings highlight that while VSCs improve market access and environmental practices, they impose prohibitive costs and create 'certification fatigue' due to a multiplicity of standards. The document recommends the development of a national benchmarked standard, similar to the Kenya Flower Council's model, and the creation of a multistakeholder platform to implement a collective action plan.

The report details a multistakeholder workshop focused on the impact of Voluntary Sustainability Certification (VSC) on Rwanda's coffee sector. It identifies significant barriers for smallholder farmers, including high annual audit costs, a lack of local certification bodies, and a mismatch between the supply of certified coffee and market demand. The document proposes solutions such as the development of a national 'Rwanda GAP' standard, the translation of training manuals into Kinyarwanda, and the creation of a multistakeholder platform for data sharing and coordination to improve the economic viability and sustainability of the sector.

The Khoikhoi Peoples’ Rooibos Biocultural Community Protocol is a guide developed by the National Khoisan Council (NKC) to protect the traditional knowledge (TK) of the Khoikhoi people regarding Rooibos. It documents the historical dispossession of the Khoikhoi under colonialism and apartheid, asserts their status as original knowledge holders, and outlines the legal and procedural frameworks for obtaining Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) for the use of their biocultural heritage. The document details a benefit-sharing model involving a trust and a traditional knowledge levy to provide restitution for past misappropriation.

The evaluation of the CARE-WWF Alliance in Mozambique found that conservation interventions, such as no-take zones and mangrove management, initially increased dietary diversity by 25% between 2008 and 2014, though this correlation vanished by 2018 as investment declined. Farmer Field Schools were the most popular intervention, increasing the likelihood of year-round food security by 13%. While microcredit through Village Savings and Loan Associations led to a 31% increase in assets for female-headed households, the report notes that no-take zones primarily benefited male-headed households due to the cultural exclusion of single women from fishing. The document recommends better beneficiary targeting to avoid elite capture and stronger long-term governance to sustain community-based natural resource management.

The document details a GEF-funded project to increase Madagascar's MPA coverage from 1.1 million hectares to over 2.1 million hectares. It focuses on three main components: establishing a representative network of protected areas, improving the regulatory environment for MPAs and LMMAs, and enhancing site-level management effectiveness through community-led revenue generation and standardized toolkits. The project emphasizes a co-management approach involving the Ministry of the Environment, Ecology and Forests (MEEF), various NGOs, and local communities to balance biodiversity conservation with sustainable economic development.

The project aims to promote integrated landscape management (ILM) to conserve globally significant forests and wildlife in Nepal's Terai Arc Landscape (TAL). It addresses barriers such as inadequate cross-sectoral coordination, lack of technical capacity for forest and land management, and increasing human-wildlife conflict. The strategy involves four components: strengthening national and state-level coordination, improving participatory planning for buffer zones and corridors, implementing sustainable forest management and HWC mitigation in the Banke-Bardia complex, and establishing knowledge management and monitoring systems. The project targets the restoration of 4,050 hectares of land and the mitigation of 1,270,919 metric tons of CO2e.

The document outlines requirements for the post-2020 biodiversity goals following the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. It advocates for the inclusion of Indigenous Peoples, local communities, women, and youth in the decision-making process. The authors argue that unlimited economic growth is incompatible with environmental preservation and call for the removal of corporate control over public policy and financial instruments. Furthermore, the statement rejects the use of biodiversity offsets and single biodiversity metrics, suggesting that goals must include qualitative aspects and divestment from destructive projects.

The report advocates for a paradigm shift from industrial agri-business models to agroecology to address global hunger, environmental degradation, and climate change. It proposes a 13-point evaluation framework to assess sustainable innovations and warns against 'false solutions' like climate-smart agriculture. The document concludes with detailed policy recommendations for governments to secure land rights, ensure gender justice, and shift subsidies toward agroecological practices to achieve food sovereignty.

The report promotes agroecology as a holistic science, practice, and social movement that offers a sustainable alternative to industrial agriculture. It argues that agroecological systems provide stable yields, enhance biodiversity, and increase resilience to climate change and disasters. The document contrasts this with 'false solutions' like Climate-Smart Agriculture and sustainable intensification, which it claims maintain corporate dependencies. It concludes with policy recommendations centered on food sovereignty, gender justice, and the protection of small-scale producers' rights to land and seeds.

The document advocates for agroecology—defined as a science, a set of practices, and a social movement—as the essential approach to eradicating hunger and combating climate change. It contrasts this holistic model with 'false solutions' promoted by agribusiness, such as Climate-Smart Agriculture and sustainable intensification, which it claims maintain the industrial status quo. The report provides a comprehensive set of 13 criteria for evaluating sustainable innovations and offers policy recommendations centered on food sovereignty, gender justice, and the protection of small-scale producers' rights to land and seeds.

The document advocates for agroecology as a holistic science, practice, and social movement led by small-scale food producers. It contrasts this approach with industrial models like 'climate-smart agriculture' and 'sustainable intensification,' which it labels as false solutions. The report provides a framework for evaluating agricultural innovations and offers policy recommendations to support food sovereignty, gender justice, and the rights of small-scale producers.