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The Greening Transportation Infrastructure Development (GRID) Integrated Program, approved by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) in February 2024, provides nearly $27 million over five years to mainstream biodiversity into transportation infrastructure. Led by WWF with support from ADB and UNEP, the program implements national projects in Malaysia, Nepal, the Philippines, Suriname, and Ukraine. These projects focus on improving policy environments, participatory planning, innovative financing, and technical capacity to create nature-positive, low-carbon, and climate-resilient infrastructure, such as ports and highways.

The MTR rates the project's relevance as Highly Satisfactory and its overall effectiveness and efficiency as Moderately Satisfactory. While the project has successfully engaged local communities and established strong biodiversity baselines, it has faced significant delays due to the COVID-19 pandemic, government restructuring, and legislative bottlenecks regarding the disbursement of grants and revolving funds. Financial disbursement is low, with only 48% of expected costs for the first two years spent. However, the project is rated as 'Likely' for sustainability due to its integration with the broader Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) Program and strong country ownership.

The report details the restoration of biological corridors in Nepal's Terai Arc Landscape from 2001 to 2021. It highlights the transition from fragmented habitats to functional corridors through community-based conservation, forest restoration, and transboundary cooperation with India. Key successes include the doubling of tiger numbers and the identification of high-altitude climate refugia. However, the report warns that linear infrastructure development, such as highways and irrigation canals, poses a significant emerging threat to connectivity.

The project aims to promote integrated landscape management (ILM) to conserve globally significant forests and wildlife in Nepal's Terai Arc Landscape (TAL). It addresses barriers such as inadequate cross-sectoral coordination, lack of technical capacity for forest and land management, and increasing human-wildlife conflict. The strategy involves four components: strengthening national and state-level coordination, improving participatory planning for buffer zones and corridors, implementing sustainable forest management and HWC mitigation in the Banke-Bardia complex, and establishing knowledge management and monitoring systems. The project targets the restoration of 4,050 hectares of land and the mitigation of 1,270,919 metric tons of CO2e.

The Hariyo Ban Program II (2016-2021) focused on enhancing resilience in the Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape (CHAL) and Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) of Nepal. The initiative achieved significant biodiversity gains, including increases in tiger and rhino populations and the management of 970,524 hectares of biologically significant areas. Climate adaptation efforts reached 151,075 beneficiaries through the implementation of 78 local adaptation plans and eight integrated sub-watershed management plans. The program also improved livelihoods for 30,270 people through market-based enterprises and enhanced social inclusion by increasing women's representation in executive positions of natural resource management (NRM) groups to 50%. Governance was strengthened by improving the capacity of 291 NRM groups and supporting the formulation of over 60 policies and regulations. Key challenges included navigating Nepal's federal restructuring, the COVID-19 pandemic, and a lack of formal policy frameworks for payments for ecosystem services (PES).