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The document examines the nexus between the AfCFTA, biodiversity, and agriculture, noting that while the agreement can boost agricultural growth and regional value chains, it lacks strong, explicit commitments to biodiversity conservation. It warns that trade liberalisation could lead to natural resource depletion, the displacement of smallholder farmers, and the promotion of monoculture. To counter these risks, the authors advocate for 'biodiversity-based agriculture' (eco-functional intensification) and the alignment of trade negotiations with multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs). Key recommendations include establishing common frameworks for non-tariff barriers, protecting indigenous genetic resources through intellectual property rights, and investing in capacity development for small-scale farmers who produce approximately 80% of Africa's food.

The proposal aims to address critical gaps in Benin's climate action, including the lack of a centralized climate information system and poor integration of national climate commitments into communal development plans. Key planned activities include the creation of a digital climate data repository, a baseline study on the integration of climate change into local planning, an evaluation of the 2016-2025 Low-Emission Climate-Resilient Development Strategy (LECRDS), and the development of a concept note for scaling up nature-based solutions. The project will be implemented by the International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) over 24 months, targeting the National Designated Authority, sectoral ministries, and local communes.

The assessment of nature-based infrastructure in the Peruvian Andes indicates that land restoration provides systemic benefits including job creation, increased carbon storage, and improved climate adaptation by reducing landslide risks and enhancing water availability. The study utilizes the Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi) method to move beyond conventional cost-benefit analysis, highlighting that the most significant impacts are found in livelihood protection and agricultural resilience. Additionally, the document notes that restoration can foster gender equality by involving women and create economic opportunities through agroforestry and non-timber forest products.

The research identifies 'understanding', 'awareness', and 'economic/finance' as the primary capacity gaps for land-based mitigation technologies and practices (LMTs) across five global regions. The authors suggest that addressing knowledge and understanding gaps is a critical first step to increase stakeholder attraction to LMTs. To support scaling, the paper recommends that policymakers develop dedicated support policies and regulatory frameworks, build markets, utilize carbon markets, and collaborate with local and Indigenous Peoples using bottom-up implementation plans and traditional knowledge.

Climate Resilient Landscape Finance (CRLF) is an innovative umbrella facility combining microfinance, private debt, and technical assistance to address the lack of bankability for sustainable land use in African conservation areas. The instrument aims to mobilize USD 12 million in capital to support local landowners and landscape management companies, leveraging international carbon and biodiversity credit markets to create self-sustaining conservation economies. A pilot phase will begin in the Northern Maasai Mara, Kenya, with plans to expand across Eastern and Southern Africa.

The Low-Carbon Agriculture Transition Mechanism (LATM) is a financial structure designed to decarbonize Brazil's agricultural sector by providing small and medium-sized farmers with long-term loans, technical assistance, and a first-of-its-kind income guarantee. The mechanism targets four specific credit lines: Pasture Recovery, Sustainable Livestock Intensification, Integrated Systems, and Agroforestry and Bioeconomy. It aims to mobilize USD 115 million in total capital—combining commercial, concessional, and grant funding—to reach 78,000 hectares by 2030 and avoid or remove over 187,245 tons of CO2e per year. The implementation follows a three-phase pathway: a Pilot Phase testing components in the Amazon and Cerrado, a Commercial Phase scaling the full structure across three biomes, and a Scale-up Phase reducing dependency on concessional capital.

The Yacarantã Collective, led by João, Yasmin, and Heitor, promotes syntropic agriculture in Rio Manso, Brazil, to counter the ecological damage caused by monoculture and pesticides. Starting in 2014 at Yacarantã Farm, the initiative evolved from a private project into a collective effort to empower vulnerable rural communities, particularly women. Following a devastating mining dam collapse in 2019, the collective expanded its outreach to over 400 impacted families, partnering with a Rural School to provide education on regenerative economy and sustainable agriculture. This led to the creation of the 'Margaridas' women's group, which established a community-based agroforestry system covering over 2,000 square meters with 400 seedlings and 30 types of vegetables.

The project seeks to reduce flood risk and improve livelihoods in the Trois-Rivières (TR) watershed of Haiti. It proposes implementing 17,740 hectares of agroforestry and rehabilitating 7,700 hectares of forest to reduce peak runoff by 40%. The initiative includes establishing a social safety net via food coupons and Village Savings and Credit Associations (VSCAs) to discourage unsustainable charcoal production. Additionally, it aims to strengthen national water governance by drafting provisions for the Water Act and establishing Catchment Integrated Water Resources Management Committees. The project targets 292,600 direct and 441,272 indirect beneficiaries, with a total budget of approximately USD 31.3 million, including USD 22.4 million requested from the GCF.

The report analyzes Brazil's agricultural policy framework, highlighting that while mitigation and adaptation tools exist, many lack social justice elements. It identifies key policies like PNAPO and the PRONAF ABC+ credit line as essential for a just transition, while noting that the ABC+ Plan primarily targets large-scale producers. The document recommends expanding technical assistance to smallholders and improving coordination between the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAPA) and the Ministry of Agrarian Development and Family Farming (MDA).

The Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) provides financial and technical assistance to agricultural producers and nonindustrial forest managers to address natural resource concerns. It supports practices that improve water and air quality, increase soil health, and mitigate climate change. Funding is provided through the 2018 Farm Bill and the Inflation Reduction Act, with specific allocations for livestock production and wildlife habitat. The program includes sub-initiatives like Conservation Innovation Grants (CIG) and the EQIP Cover Crop Initiative to foster innovative conservation approaches and carbon sequestration.

The document establishes a programmatic gender approach for the &Green Fund, which aims to delink deforestation from commodity supply chains (livestock, palm oil, soy, rubber, cocoa, and forestry). It defines a two-tracked investment strategy—gender-sensitive and gender-transformative—integrated into the fund's due diligence and monitoring processes. The report provides detailed gender and socioeconomic baselines for 11 countries, highlighting systemic barriers such as limited land tenure for women, unpaid care burdens, and the prevalence of sexual exploitation, abuse, and sexual harassment (SEAH) in agribusiness. It recommends using Environmental and Social Action Plans (ESAPs) as binding loan covenants to ensure equitable benefits and the removal of gender barriers in the target landscapes.

The document assesses gender dynamics, legal frameworks, and socioeconomic baselines in Palau, FSM, and RMI to ensure that ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) interventions are gender-responsive. It identifies significant gaps in sex-disaggregated data and highlights high rates of gender-based violence across the region. The report proposes a Small Grants Facility (SGF) with specific gender screening tools and quotas to ensure women's equitable access to finance, decision-making, and technical training. It emphasizes the value of traditional knowledge held by women in managing coastal and terrestrial resources to build climate resilience.

The document examines the potential for the EUDR and UK Environment Act to act as levers for change in Ghana's cocoa industry. It highlights that while these regulations impose strict deforestation-free and legality requirements, they offer Ghana opportunities to improve forest governance, establish a centralised traceability system, and better regulate child labour. However, the author warns of risks to smallholder farmers, who may face increased compliance costs or exclusion from the EU market, and emphasizes the need for international partnerships to support a just transition.

The document outlines a systemic framework for tracking climate finance in agrifood systems, expanding beyond traditional AFOLU (Agriculture, Forestry, Other Land Uses, and Fisheries) categories to include downstream agro-industries, food loss, waste, and diets. It details the methodology for estimating global annual investment needs—drawing from FOLU, UNEP, and Thornton et al.—and provides a granular breakdown of tracked project-level and company-level investments for 2019/2020. The annexes also include a corrigendum from February 2024 that significantly revises venture capital investment figures upward.

The report examines the global palm oil sector, highlighting the growth of VSS-compliant production and the challenges faced by smallholders. It analyzes how climate change and geopolitical conflicts, such as the war in Ukraine, affect supply and pricing. The document argues that while VSSs can reduce deforestation and improve yields, the lack of consistent price premiums and high certification costs hinder their adoption by smallholders. It concludes with recommendations for better price transparency, living wage benchmarks, and stronger government support to build a more sustainable value chain.

The project aims to reduce GHG emissions by 4.5 million tCO2eq over five years and 18.2 million tCO2eq over 20 years while benefiting 157,000 vulnerable people. It addresses barriers including poverty-induced dependence on natural resources, financial constraints, and weak institutional capacity in dryland areas. The initiative focuses on three components: forest protection and restoration, development of forest-based value chains (such as bamboo, honey, and resins), and capacity building for local government and community organizations.

The PIDACC-Zambezi programme seeks USD 100 million from the Green Climate Fund (GCF) to complement a total budget of USD 312.3 million. It targets the Zambezi Watercourse, where climate change is causing increased drought, flooding, and reduced hydropower potential. The programme focuses on four components: building community resilience through infrastructure and agribusiness, strengthening integrated landscape management, enhancing adaptive and institutional capacity, and programme coordination. Key targets include benefiting 3.79 million direct beneficiaries, restoring 970,000 hectares of degraded land, and reducing emissions by 37.1 million tCO2eq. The initiative emphasizes the use of digital technologies, carbon farming via the Boomitra model, and the establishment of a Direct Credit Window to de-risk private sector investment in agribusiness.

The PEARL project seeks USD 36.23 million from the Green Climate Fund to support 450,000 farmers in Cambodia's Northern Tonle Sap Basin. The initiative focuses on transitioning smallholders to high-value, climate-resilient crops—specifically cashew, mango, organic rice, and leafy vegetables—by improving agrometeorological services, providing access to technology via a new asset acquisition mechanism (FARM), and strengthening regulatory frameworks for agricultural certification.

The project aims to reduce GHG emissions by 4.6 million tCO2eq over four years and increase the resilience of 273,700 direct beneficiaries and 2.1 million hectares of ecosystems in Northern Lao PDR. It focuses on three components: strengthening the enabling environment for REDD+ through climate-informed land use planning and sustainable finance; promoting deforestation-free agricultural practices and supporting agri-MSMEs via matching grants; and implementing sustainable forest landscape management and restoration in village and conservation forests.

The Heritage Colombia (HECO) project is a 10-year initiative designed to protect and restore landscapes in Colombia through a Project Finance for Permanence (PFP) model. It targets five mosaics—Caribbean, San Lucas, Central Andes, Orinoco Transition, and Heart of the Amazon—covering 6.6 million hectares. The project focuses on strengthening governance, establishing participatory climate monitoring systems, and implementing land restoration and rehabilitation to reduce GHG emissions and improve water regulation. It requests USD 43 million from the GCF, complemented by USD 102.2 million in co-financing from the Government of Colombia and WWF. Key goals include the gazettement of the San Lucas Mountains protected area and the expansion of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta National Park.